Review in class

Question 1

Pick two types of crime to identify low and high dark figure?

Answer 1

High would be theft under 5000, sexual assault, domestic violence
Low would be murder

Question 2

Crime funnel

Answer 2

The wide end would be unreported crime following charges and the narrow end would be jail

Question 3

UCR 1 as far as data collection

Answer 3

What - age, gender, type of crime of perpetrator
Who- Police
When - When the crime happens, end of the day report data
Where - At crime scene, complete at end of the day
Why - Criminal justice system and others can use data, politicians and parliament to create policies

Question 4

UCR 2 as far as data collection

Answer 4

What - adds information, place, time of day, information regarding relation between the perpetrator and the victim, JUST ALCOHOL recorded, weapon involved, cost of crime to victim (lost of property for ex), incident based system get specific information for reporters

Weakness- less people record, doesnt take into account into the dark figure, just reports on actual crime

Question 5

Victimization surveys

1. what who when where
2. How does victimization surveys impacts the dark figure

Answer 5

1. What- a random questionair done over the phone
   Who- stats canada, trained people conduct the interview
   When- Every 7 years or 5 years
   Where- People that answer are at home
   Why- Does help fill in the dark figure, doesnt rely on victims coming forward, they come to the victims (although random samples), can also find the rate of victimization due to people saying they are not victims, question regarding fear
2. Reduces dark figure by interviewing possible victims to get a better understanding of unreported crime

Question 6

Quantitative vs Qualitative

Answer 6

Quantitative- counting the number of crime

Qualitative - more in-depth description

Question 7

What type of reporting method would you use for each of these crimes?
Fraud
sexual assault
Joy riding

Answer 7

Joy Riding: self report questionnaire, UCR, ICBC is involved so people report anything to do with cars
Sexual Assault: Victimization surveys- captures the dark figure,
Fraud- Victimization for fraud under 5000

Question 8

Criminologist talk about the correlates of crime

Answer 8

Relationship between two different variables, for example 
Age and Crime
Gender 
Time of Day
Location

Question 9

What is the social function of a witch hunt (Premodern or today)?

Answer 9

To deter/ make an example of a non-conformist 
To eliminate deviancy 
To scapegoat a group or minority 
To reinforce power by authorities 
Examples - Holocaust, Red scare,

Question 10

Classical school vs Positivist School

Which came first 
Name the founders
Define: Positivism 
Define the Hedonistic Calculus (felici)
Free will

Answer 10

Which came first - Classical
Baccaria - Classical
Lombrooso- Positivist

Positivism- using natural science and applying it to the study of human behaviour
Strengths- It is evidence based, empirical science
Weaknesses- too much focus on the individual perpetrator, ignores the difference between humans and all other species

Hedonistic - Human beings seek pleasure and avoid pain

Free Will- Classical school says everyone has free will and rational thought
Positivist- its a myth, our behaviour is controlled by causes such as mental illness, starts to look at where you grew up, surrounding environment

Question 11

Panopticon

Answer 11

The panopticon prison was created by Jeramy Bentham and is a prison that a guard can always see all the prisoners, wanted the prison in the center of city so everyone could see the consequences of crime

Question 12

Theory of Deterrence

Answer 12

You can prevent crime by making an example of people that have done an illegal act
Severity- Everyone gets same punishment for a crime
Celerity- everyone has to be convicted swiftly
Certainty- no exceptions

Question 13

Positivist thought on deterance

Answer 13

Not a useful way to prevent crime because people are sometimes beyond their own will (mental illness) so does not have an effect

Positivist believes that individual criminals should be tried as individual

Question 14

Rehab

Answer 14

Positivist - tailored to the individual

Classical- one size fits all, panoctagon is rehab for classical, always being watched by society

Question 15

Give 3 examples for today’s criminal justice system for being true to the classical and positivist school

Answer 15

Classic School:
Deterrence - strict drinking and driving laws
Innocent until proven guilty, right to a lawyer, government should not interfere with our lives unless absolutely necessary, protect rights of the accused
Positivist School:
Look at mental illness for example when crime is a factor
Youth justice system, seeing children as different social actors as adults.

Question 16

Define These two concepts
Atavism
Eugenics

Answer 16

Atavism- “born criminal”, evolutionary throwback- you have not evolved based on other people in society, evidence would be bio and physio - LOMBROSSO
Eugenics - the theory that we can improve the human “race” by eliminating people who are defective

Question 17

NCRMD?

Answer 17

Not Criminally Responsibly by Medical Diagnosis

Question 18

Why did feminists become involved in criminology?

Answer 18

Lombrosso- all women are degenerate versions of males (lol), reason why women didn’t caught were due to socialization, all women are evolutionary throwbacks (deviants)

Question 19

Liberation Theories

Answer 19

1960/1970s, predicted that because women were no longer staying at home they would become criminals although they were not getting convicted

Liberation- women are now liberated although they are still commiting low amounts of crime

Chivalry Hypothesis- we failed to charge women, we are lenient with women so no charges are laid, not so valid any more due to female police offers and police officers usually treat everyone equally

Question 20

John Hagan - Power Control theory!!!!!!! Know this shit

Answer 20

Patriarchial
Traditional family was patriarchal, mother worked father worked creating differential gender roles 
Ideal traits, girls didn't get out much so less convictions 
- Conformist 
- Not risk takers 
Boys were 
- Risk takers 
- Entrepreneurs 

Egalitarian
2 breadwinners or single parent
- gives females more opportunity to come involved in crime