Review for test

Question 1

Bacteria cause disease by producing what?

Answer 1

Toxins

Question 2

Which chemical is released by white blood cells to cuase blood vessels to leak fluid?

Answer 2

Histamine

Question 3

Name 2 dysfunctions that result from chronic inflammation

Answer 3

sclerosis & remodeling

Question 4

what is a potentially deadly allergic reaction called?

Answer 4

Anaphylaxis

Question 5

In autoimmune hypersensitivities, antibodies are made to what?

Question 6

Glomerulonephritis is caused by what blocking the capillaries?

Answer 6

antibody-antigens complexes

Question 7

Hyper means ____ of a substance?

Answer 7

too much

Question 8

Hypo means ____ of a substance

Answer 8

too little

Question 9

the cells will create acid if it runs out of either of these 2 substances needed to release energy.

Answer 9

oxygen and glucose

Question 10

Describe how ischemia can cause acidosis and necrosis

Answer 10

Ischemia is a lack of/ decrease of blood supply. with ischemia, cells dont get oxygen and glucose. They do a form of respuration that creates acid, which changes the area around the cell and kills cells.

Question 11

Name 2 Natural waste products that can build up and cause disease

Answer 11

Urea and carbon dioxide

Question 12

X-linked genetic diseases are usally passed on my the ____?

Answer 12

mother

Question 13

People who pass on a genetic disease but dont develop it are a _____

Answer 13

carrier

Question 14

Name a biological risk factor of squamous carinoma

Answer 14

Blonde or red hair
Blue or green eyes

Question 15

Name an environmentak risk factor of basal cell carcinoma

Answer 15

Cumulative sun exposure

Question 16

Name a socioeconomic risk factor of melanoma diagnosis

Answer 16

People of maori descent/ people of darker skin tone are more often diagnosed with melanoma in the later stages.

This could be due to socieoeconomic barriers to health care preventing diagnosis or stigma around individuals of darker skin tone not being able to get melanoma.

Question 17

What is anemia?

Answer 17

Decreased oxygen carrying capacity

Question 18

Inflammatory conditions of the GI tract (IBD) may lead to anemia due to _____?

Answer 18

Decreased absorption

Question 19

Inflammatory conditions of the GI tract (IBD) may lead to anemia due to _____?

Answer 19

Fatigue, coldness, pallor, increased resp rate, inability to exert oneself, dizziness

Question 20

Warfarin prevents blood clots by inhibiting _____________________

Answer 20

Vitamin K

Question 21

What can stimulate DIC?

Answer 21

Servere endothelial damage (trauma)

Question 22

What happens to clotting factors in DIC?

Answer 22

They are all used up and then none are left

Question 23

An abnormally formed blood clot is a ________________.

Answer 23

thrombus

Question 24

The biggest complication risk of DVT is a _________________ _______________

Answer 24

pulmonary embolism

Question 25

Why does eating increase the risk of orthostatic hypotension?

Answer 25

Eating activates the parasympathetic nervous system which lowers BP and HR. then, when standing, not enough blood gets to the brain

Question 26

What does “arterio” and “sclerosis” translate to in English?

Answer 26

Hardended arteries

Question 27

How does a foam cell form?

Question 28

How does inflammation contribute to atherosclerosis?

Question 29

PAD is due to which cause of disease.

Question 30

Name 2 symptoms of PAD.

Question 31

Intermittent claudication is pain from PAD that happens when?

Question 32

Pulmonary oedema is associated with _______ _________ ___________

Question 33

Swelling & weight gain are associated with ________ _______ _______

Question 34

Name 2 differences between a STEMI and NSTEMI