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Micro Exam 4 > Review: Ebola Virus > Flashcards

Review: Ebola Virus Flashcards

1
Q 
1.     For each virus studied, you need to know the following: Ebola Zaire
Viral genome
Capsid morphology
Presence or absence of an Envelope in the viral structure
Host range
Transmission
Specific host target cell
Diagnosis
Clinical Symptoms
Treatment
A

Viral genome: Nucleic acid: Single stranded RNA genome

Capsid morphology: Shape(capsid): Helix
“Shepherd’s Crook or Hook”
Loops present

Presence or absence of an Envelope in the viral structure: Envelope: Yes

Host range:???????

Transmission: Contact Transmission with body fluids:
Blood, Vomit, Diarrhea,Urine/Feces, Breast milk, Male Semen, Female vaginal secretion, tears, sweat
Note: After recovery, virus still present in male semen for 3 months.
Handling dead body: virus present for 3-4 days

Specific host target cell: ??????????

Diagnosis: Clinical analysis
Antibody test (after 7 days)
Screen for virus in blood (after several days)

Clinical Symptoms: Hemorrhagic Fever:
flu-like symptoms: fever
(> 101.5F, headache, muscle ache, nausea, vomiting)
1 – 2 days later:
respiratory/kidney problems, massive hemorrhaging (from every orifice [opening] of body)
Blood clots in response to hemorrhaging
Internal organs destroyed
10 days later:
Death
Survivors: Memory Abs for at least 10 years after recovery

Treatment: Supportive Therapy
Passive Artificial Immunity
donor serum given to recipient patient
No effective antiviral drug
ZMapp: experimental drug contains 3 Abs to Ebola

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2
Q
  1. What is the Family name for Ebola viruses?
A

Filovirus

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3
Q
  1. What is unusual variation about the shape of the Filoviruses?
A

Shepherd’s Crook or Hook”

Loops present

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4
Q
  1. Where was the first recorded outbreak of Ebola virus in humans?
A

1st recorded outbreak: 1976

(Known by Tribal leaders before this date)

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5
Q
  1. What are the 4 pathogenic strains of Ebola in humans?
A

Ebola Zaire (1st recognized strain)
Ebola Sudan
Ebola Tai Forest
Ebola Bundibugyo

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6
Q
  1. What is the 1 nonpathogenic strain of Ebola in humans?
A

Ebola Reston

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7
Q
  1. In what country was the first recorded outbreak of Ebola Reston?
A

USA Reston, VA

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8
Q
  1. What region of Africa have most outbreaks of Ebola occurred: North, South, East West or Central?
A

West Africa

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9
Q
  1. How is contact transmission of Ebola possible?
A

Transmission (Human-to-Human)

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10
Q
  1. In what fluids from an infected Ebola patient has the virus been detected?
A

Blood, Vomit, Diarrhea,Urine/Feces, Breast milk, Male Semen, Female vaginal secretion, tears, sweat

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11
Q
  1. What is Droplet Transmission and is that a possible mode of transmission for Ebola?
A

Droplet Transmission possible:
Droplets too large to stay airborne for long but can travel for 3 ft
Droplets generated by: cough, sneeze, talking, projectile vomiting, explosive diarrhea

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12
Q
  1. What is Air-born transmission and is that a possible mode of transmission human – to – human?
A

Air-borne transmission of Ebola: Never documented in Humans

Air-borne Transmission:
Droplet nuclei that remain airborne for long periods of time

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13
Q
  1. What is the incubation period of Ebola infection in the human body?
A

2 – 21 days

Average: 8 – 10 days

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14
Q
  1. What is a Hemorrhagic fever?
A

Hemorrhagic Fever:
flu-like symptoms: fever
(> 101.5F, headache, muscle ache, nausea, vomiting)

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15
Q
  1. What is the most likely cause of the severe hemorrhaging during Ebola infection (hint: what is one of the target tissues of Ebola virus)
A

Viral replication in endothelial lining of blood vessels weakens the blood vessel causing massive bleeding

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16
Q
  1. How quickly can a human die in a fatal case of Ebola infection?
A

10 days later:

Death

17
Q
  1. Fatality rate of Ebola virus in humans? Are there strain differences?
A

Fatality rate: 50 – 90%

Yes

18
Q
  1. Do survivors of Ebola infection have Ab to the virus present in their blood serum?
A

Memory Abs for at least 10 years after recovery

19
Q
  1. What is the likely reservoir source of the infectious agent for Ebola virus?
A

Fruit Bat

3 species of Fruit bat in Africa have shown evidence of Ebola virus RNA or Antibodies

20
Q
  1. Do fruit bats die from Ebola infection?
A

Asymptomatic carrier/chronically infected

21
Q
  1. Do Gorillas and Chimpanzees die from Ebola infection?
A

Ebola kills 95% of infected Gorillas/Chimps

22
Q
  1. What is bush meat?
A

monkeys/bats

23
Q
  1. Does cooking kill Ebola virus?
A

Cooking at high temperature kills Ebola virus

24
Q
  1. What are the only 2 tissues types in the human body are not targeted by Ebola virus?
A

skeletal muscle and bone

25
Q
  1. What phagocytic cells are targeted by Ebola virus?
A

Macrophage and dendritic cells

26
Q
  1. What are 3 ways that Ebola viral infections diagnosed? Which method is still the most important method in Africa?
A

Clinical analysis
Antibody test (after 7 days)
Screen for virus in blood (after several days)

27
Q
  1. What is currently the main treatment for patients in Africa?
A

Supportive care

28
Q
  1. What is Passive artificial immunity and why is it important in treating Ebola Zaire?
A

Doner serum from patient who recovered from ebola.

It is important because it has Ab to the ebola virus. Giving your body a fighting chance to fight the virus.

29
Q
  1. Is there currently an approved human vaccine for Ebola?
A

No

30
Q
  1. What is a Ring Vaccination program? What is the importance of this type of vaccine approach?
A

Used to block spread of Ebola if vaccine proves effective
Vaccinate everyone in contact with:
person who has disease
all members of infected person’s household
Provides barrier of immunity

31
Q
  1. In what type of Biosafety lab would one work with the Ebola virus?
A

Biolevel 4 Lab: designed to work with deadly pathogens with no known treatment or vaccine available

32
Q
  1. What is the unique design of a positive pressure lab suit?
A

If suit is punctured, air will be forced out

not into the suit.

33
Q
  1. Can the Ebola virus survive outside of the human body? If yes, for how long?
A

Few hours on dry surfaces (door knobs, countertops)
Several days in blood at room temperature
50 days in blood at 4 degrees C (refrigerator)

34
Q
  1. Is Ebola Reston deadly in humans?
A

No

35
Q
  1. What type of monkey was imported to USA infected with Ebola Reston? From what country were the monkey’s imported?
A

Macaques

Philippines

36
Q
  1. Is Ebola Reston deadly to the monkey’s that it infects?
A

Deadly to monkeys (95% death rate)

37
Q
  1. What is the strain of Ebola in circulation currently in the 2014 Ebola Epidemic?
A

Ebola Zaire

38
Q
  1. Where is the location of the current 2014 outbreak of Ebola?
A

West Africa

Micro Exam 4 (5 decks)

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