Review CVD

Question 1

outline the 10-year ASCVD risk categories

Answer 1

low risk: < 5%
borderline risk: 5-7.4%
intermediate risk: 7.5-19.9%
high risk: over 20%

Question 2

what value of lipoprotein a increases risk of ASCVD?
apolipoprotein B?

Answer 2

over 50
over 130

Question 3

high-sensitivity CRP is associated with what? what value increases risk of ASCVD?
a low ankle-brachial index indicates what? what value increases risk of ASCVD?

Answer 3

inflammatory conditions, over 2
reduced peripheral blood flow in lower extremities, less than 0.9

Question 4

what does CAC score stand for? what does it mean? how are the scores interpreted?

Answer 4

coronary artery calcium
amount of calcification in the coronary arteries
0: low risk of ASCVD event
1-99: average risk, no effect on ASCVD risk assessment
over 100: increased risk of ASCVD event

Question 5

what does CST stand for? what are we testing?

Answer 5

cardiac stress testing
if pt has coronary artery disease, or some valvular heart disease or exercise-induced arrhythmias

Question 6

what are the 2 methods of performing cardiac stress testing?

Answer 6

exercise or pharmacologics

Question 7

what pharmacologics do we use for cardiac stress testing?

Answer 7

vasodilators such as adenosine or dipyridamole or inotropes such as dobutamine

Question 8

what is the MoA of vasodilators?
when should we avoid using vasodilators?

Answer 8

increase cAMP production to cause vascular smooth muscle relaxation and coronary vasodilation
bradycardia & hypertension. pt w/ 2” or 3” heartblock w/o pacemaker. pts w/ COPD and asthma due to bronchoconstriction

Question 9

what drug class are inotropes?
when should we avoid using inotropes?

Answer 9

B 1 and 2 agonists
pts w/ ventricular arrhythmias