Prevention of CVD Lecture

Question 1

what are conditions/high risk race/ethnicity considered risk enhancers when determining 10 year risk of ASCVD?

Answer 1

family history of premature ASCVD
primary hypercholesterolemia
metabolic syndrome
CKD (eGFR 15-59)
chronic inflammatory conditions
premature menopause or preeclampsia
south asian ancestry

Question 2

what are labs considered risk enhancers when determining 10 year risk of ASCVD?

Answer 2

hypertriglyceridemia
elevated hs-CRP
elevated LP(a)
elevated apoB

Question 3

what are the treatment recommendations with a CAC score between 1-99 (~75th percentile)?

Answer 3

moderate intensity statin

Question 4

what are the treatment recommendations with a CAC score between 100-299?

Answer 4

aspirin and moderate to high intensity statin

Question 5

what are the treatment recommendations with a CAC score over 90th percentile or over 300?

Answer 5

aspirin, high intensity statin, and consider non-statin add-on

Question 6

when may you still consider statin therapy if CAC score is 0?

Answer 6

if pt has DM, family history of premature CHD, or current tobacco use.

Question 7

how much reduction in LDL can occur with reduced intake of saturated fat, trans fat, and dietary cholesterol?

Answer 7

5-10%

Question 8

how much reduction in LDL can occur with 2g/day of phytosterols or 7.5g/day of viscous fiber?

Answer 8

4-10%

Question 9

how much reduction in LDL can occur with a loss of 5% of body weight?

Answer 9

3-5%

Question 10

1% LDL reduction = ___ reduction in ASCVD

Answer 10

1%

Question 11

if a patient needs to be put onto a low-intensity statin. which statins are available and what dosage? (LDL decrease of <30%)

Answer 11

simvastatin 10mg
pravastatin 10-20mg
lovastatin 20mg
fluvastatin 20-40mg
pitavastatin 1mg

Question 12

if a patient needs to be put onto a moderate-intensity statin. which statins are available and what dosage? (LDL decrease of 30-49%)

Answer 12

atorvastatin 10-20mg
rosuvastatin 5-10mg
simvastatin 20-40mg
pravastatin 40-80mg
lovastatin 40mg
fluvastatin XL 80mg
fluvastatin 40-mg BID
pitavastatin 2-4mg

Question 13

if a patient needs to be put onto a high-intensity statin. which statins are available and what dosage? (LDL decease of >50%)

Answer 13

atorvastatin 40-80mg
rosuvastatin 20-40mg

Question 14

T/F doses of aspirin greater than 100mg show no additional benefit and only show increased risk of bleeding

Answer 14

true

Question 15

based on recent studies, what role may colchicine have in prevention of CVD?

Answer 15

reduced the risk of MI, stroke, and CV death

Question 16

which two drugs help reduce LP(a)? what is there dosing?

Answer 16

Pelacarsen 80mg monthly
Olpasiran 75-225mg every 3 months