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Radiographic Physics Exam 1 > Review Chart 1 > Flashcards

Review Chart 1 Flashcards

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1
Q

In what country was the x-ray discovered?

A

Germany

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2
Q

Are x-rays stored in matter?

A

No

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3
Q

Do x-rays have an effect on photographic film?

A

Yes

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4
Q

Do some materials fluoresce when exposed to X-rays?

A

Yes

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5
Q

Does focusing the x-ray allow the patient to be exposed less?

A

No

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6
Q

What do the initials FFD, TFD, and SID refer to?

A

Distance between the source of the x-ray and the film

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7
Q

What is the most commonly used dosimeter?

A

Film badge

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8
Q

Imagine that you are a wee little photon that has sailed through space at a high rate of speed which has carried you into and out of a patient. What would be the next thing you encounter?

A

Grid

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9
Q

What is the number of electrons controlled by?

A

Low voltage circuit

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10
Q

Which effect would a smaller anode angle have compared to a larger angle?

A

It would create a clearer image

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11
Q

What type of wavelength is seen with x-ray?

A

Short wavelength (gamma) (high frequency)

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12
Q

Of the different types of radiation, which is associated with biological effects?

A

Ionizing

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13
Q

What contributes the most radiation to a human’s annual exposure?

A

Radon gas

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14
Q

What is helpful in producing a good quality A-P full spine?

A

Having the anode toward the cervical

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15
Q

Positive beam limitation systems (PBL) would include what?

A

Semiautomatic collimation

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16
Q

In checking your collimator, what percentage is the limit for inaccuracy?

A

2%

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17
Q

What is used to tell us that the x-ray beam is centered to the part being radiographed?

A

The light and mirror

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18
Q

At a set FFD and film size, the less collimation used the _________ the film will be?

A

Darker

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19
Q

From what does the electron cloud form?

A

The filament

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20
Q

If you’ve overexposed a film, what should you have done to get a better film?

A

Used a filter for the part that is overexposed

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21
Q

Federal regulation requires how much filtration for an x-ray machine that operates at 70 kV-100kV?

A

2.5mm

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22
Q

What material is used for the construction of most compensating filters?

A

Aluminum

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23
Q

What part of the tube complex allows one to move the tube stand?

A

Tube track

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24
Q

When is a fetus the most sensitive to radiation?

A

1st trimester

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25
Q

When taking an A-P full spine film of a young female patient, what body parts should you be most concerned with?

A

Breasts

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26
Q

What is the “ten day rule” concerned with?

A

Don’t x-ray patients during a ten day period from the onset of menses

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27
Q

If a 13 year old walks into your office because they were told by the school nurse they have scoliosis, why would you x-ray them P-A rather than A-P?

A

It will decrease breast and gonad exposure

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28
Q

If you take a lumbar series on a 7 year old, what does the law about radio sensitivity and metabolic rate prompt you to do?

A

Put a contact gonad shield on him

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29
Q

A dual focus tube has what characteristic that a single focus tube doesn’t?

A

2 filaments

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30
Q

Who is credited with the discovery of the x-ray?

A

WC Roentgen

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31
Q

What controls the speed of electrons?

A

High voltage circuit

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32
Q

If you had a film that was too dark, what would solve your problem?

A

Decrease the mAs

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33
Q

What is an advantage of using a small focal spot?

A

Clearer image

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34
Q

Before using a high setting with a tube that has been shut down overnight, it is advisable to do what?

A

Use a tube warm up procedure

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35
Q

The “useful beam” exits which part of the tube?

A

Window

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36
Q

What is the international unit designation for the rad?

A

Gray (100 rad = 1 gray)

37
Q

The filament is surrounded by what structure?

A

Focusing cup

38
Q

What part limits the size of the useful x-ray beam?

A

Collimator

39
Q

What year was the x-ray discovered?

A

1895

40
Q

What is recommended for full spine film?

A

Compensating filtration

41
Q

Which part of the tube complex has the main function of removing soft rays?

A

Tube filters

42
Q

Where is oil normally found in the tube complex?

A

Between the tube and tube housing

43
Q

kV is the primary controlling factor for what?

A

Contrast

44
Q

What would be the last thing you should do before pressing the exposure button?

A

Activate the rotor

45
Q

What is the main purpose of oil in the tube complex?

A

Aid in cooling the tube

46
Q

What type of anode should you use?

A

Rotating

47
Q

What is the half value layer (HVL) used for?

A

Filtration recommendations

48
Q

Before moving the tube stand on the track, what must be accomplished?

A

Lock must be released

49
Q

About how much reduction of gonad exposure occurs with a PA lumbar film compared to an AP lumbar film?

A

95%

50
Q

As you are setting up a patient for a full spine, you notice that there is a minus sign on the upper cable attachment on the tube and a plus sign on the lower. What do you think will be the probable outcome of your full spine film?

A

The cervicals will be too dark and lumbars will be too light

51
Q

You take an x-ray of the thoracic spine and find that all shows up well on your film except fort he upper region which is way too dark. What probably happened?

A

Didn’t filter the upper part

52
Q

What are examples of electromagnetic ionizing radiation?

A

X-ray and gamma radiation

53
Q

Which type of dose is attributed to the harmful effects from low levels of radiation?

A

Genetic

54
Q

Is there any logical way that your time spent Davenport would be exposed to alpha particles?

A

Yes, by breathing Quad City air

55
Q

The large or small focal spot is usually set simultaneously with what?

A

Milliamperes

56
Q

If you want to increase the number of photons reaching your film, what could you do?

A

Increase the mA

57
Q

What governs the speed of electrons?

A

kV

58
Q

Comparing 2 films with the kV and the mAs constant, one taken at 40”FFD and the other at 72”FFD, what would occur?

A

Increased density of the 40” film

Decreased image size on the 72” film

59
Q

What is responsible for changing AC current to DC current?

A

Rectifier

60
Q

How would one figure heat units if one was so inclined to do so?

A

MA x TIME x kVp

61
Q

At the usual kV range that you will be x-raying spines with, what makes up the majority of the beam?

A

Bremsstrahlung radiation

62
Q

How much of the energy created by an exposure in an x-ray tube is useful for the production of a radiograph?

A

1%

63
Q

What is the main function of the anode?

A

Stop the electrons

64
Q

What produces thermionic emission?

A

Low voltage circuit

65
Q

What is responsible for the anode heel effect?

A

Bevel of the anode

66
Q

If someone accused you of producing an under-penetrated film, how would you correct the problem?

A

Increase the kVp

67
Q

The “boiling off” of electrons is known as which term?

A

Thermionic emission

68
Q

What part of the tube complex allows one to control the size of the useful beam?

A

The collimator

69
Q

What increases patient exposure to radiation?

A

Split screens

70
Q

Where is added filtration located?

A

On the port of the tube housing

71
Q

Which part of the tube complex will you have to unlock and move to set the tube distance for an upright lateral lumbar film?

A

The tube stand

72
Q

What is NOT required to appear on a legal ID marker?

A

Age or birth date of the patient

73
Q

What IS required to appear on a legal ID marker?

A

Patient’s name or number, date of exam, doctor or clinic name

74
Q

Federal standards require 2.5mm of aluminum for which kVp range?

A

70-100

75
Q

What is true about collimating from a 14x17” file to a 8x10” film?

A

You would increase the tube output

76
Q

1 milisievert = how many mrems?

A

100

77
Q

If you took a film at 40” then moved the tube to 72” and took the film again, what do you need to do to get the same film density?

A

Increase the mAs by 3 times

78
Q

What would you expect to receive the highest amount of radiation from an x-ray exposure?

A

Skin

79
Q

In what form do we encounter radon?

A

Gas

80
Q

Higher energy photons are present with what?

A

Higher frequency

81
Q

Radiation hormesis refers to which of the following?

A

The beneficial effects from exposure to low levels of radiation

82
Q

If you were taking an AP open mouth film for an upper cervical technique, what should you do?

A

Use selective filtration over the eyes

83
Q

What part of the tube complex contains lead?

A

Tube housing

84
Q

If you wanted to make a film darker, what step would do it?

A

Decrease tube distance

85
Q

What is the best way to identify a patient’s film?

A

A flash on label before processing

86
Q

During an x-ray procedure, where would you most likely find a shadow shield?

A

On the front of the collimator

87
Q

What determines the penetrating power of an X-ray beam?

A

kV

88
Q

What is the first part of the tube complex that attenuates any part of the beam?

A

Anode heel

Radiographic Physics Exam 1 (2 decks)

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