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Archive > Review--Chapter 24 > Flashcards

Review--Chapter 24 Flashcards

2
Q

What houses and protects the fetus during pregnancy?

A

uterus

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3
Q

The superior (upper) portion of the uterus is called the _____ and lies above the insertion of the _____.

A

fundusfallopian tubes

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4
Q

The middle portion of the uterus is called the _____.

A

body

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5
Q

The lower portion of the uterus is the _____.

A

cervix

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6
Q

The uterus lies between the _____ and the _____.

A

the bladder anteriorly and the sigmoid colon posteriously

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7
Q

What is capable of expansion to accommodate a growing fetus?

A

uterus

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8
Q

In the uterus much of the of the corpus consists of _____ called the _____ and composed of _____ layers.

A

involuntary muscle myometrium three

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9
Q

The inner layer of the uterine corpus prevents _____ into the tubes of peritoneal cavity, which could result in endometriosis.

A

reflux of menstrual flow

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10
Q

The inner layer of the uterine corpus also contributes to the competency of the _____ to prevent premature expulsion of the fetus.

A

internal os sphincter

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11
Q

Middle layer of the uterine corpus encloses _____.

A

large blood vessels

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12
Q

The muscle fibers of the middle layer of the uterine corpus act as living ligatures for _____ after delivery.

A

hemostasis

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13
Q

The outer layer of the uterine corpus has _____ action, ejecting _____, _____, or the _____.

A

expulsionmenstrual flow and clotsan aborted embryofetus at term

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14
Q

Which uterine ligaments suspend the uterus from the pelvic wall?

A

broad ligaments

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15
Q

The broad ligaments are composed of a broad _____ extending from each lateral surface of the uterus to the pelvic wall.

A

double sheet of peritoneum

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16
Q

Which uterine ligaments help suspend the uterus anteriorly and are located above the broad ligaments, near the fallopian tubes.

A

round ligaments

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17
Q

The round ligaments are _____ that extend from the anterior surface of the lateral borders of the fundus to the labia majora.

A

fibrous muscular bands

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18
Q

Which uterine ligaments provide the primary support for the uterus and are located below the broad ligaments.

A

cardinal ligaments

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19
Q

The _____ are attached to the lateral vaginal fornices and supravaginal portion of the cervix.

A

cardinal ligaments

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20
Q

The cardinal ligaments act as a _____.

A

supportive pivot

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21
Q

Which uterine ligaments attach the uterus to the sacrum and curve along the bottom of the uterus?

A

uterosacral ligaments

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22
Q

The uterosacral ligaments are peritoneal folds containing _____ and _____.

A

connective tissue and involuntary muscle

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23
Q

_____ secrete the female hormones.

A

ovaries

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24
Q

Development and release of the ova are influenced by the pituitary gland, which stimulates the gonadotropic hormones _____ and _____.

A

luteinizing hormone (LH) and follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH)

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25
Q

Characterized by hormonal and physical changes that occur regularly from the onset of menarche (menstrual periods) until menopause (cessation of natural childbearing).

A

Ovarian (menstrual) cycle

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26
Q

The ovarian (menstrual) cycle is approximately _____ long.

A

28 days

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27
Q

The ovarian (menstrual) cycle has _____ distinct phases.

A

3

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28
Q

The _____ of the ovarian (menstrual) cycle lasts from day 1 to day 14.

A

follicle phase

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29
Q

The _____ of the ovarian (menstrual) cycle begins approximately 14 days from the start of the cycle and lasts from 16 to 32 hours.

A

ovulatory phase

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30
Q

During the ovulatory phase, the _____, and _____ is secreted by the follicle (the corpus lutem [CL]) and causes the release of the ovum.

A

estrogen level falls, and progesterone

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31
Q

The ovum is picked up by the _____ to enable fertilization

A

fimbriae of the fallopian tubes

32
Q

The _____ of the ovarian (menstrual) cycle begins approximately on day 16 and lasts approximately 12 days.

A

luteal phase

33
Q

After ovulation, the corpus luteum secretes _____ and _____.

A

estrogen and progesterone (preparation for implantation of fertilized ovum)

34
Q

What are Bartholin gland abscess?

A

infection of a Bartholin gland may occur if the gland is obstructed

35
Q

What is the most common and easily treated cancer of the reproductive tract with early diagnosis?

A

Cervical cancer

36
Q

What may be associated with HPV types 16, 18, 31, and 33?

A

Cervical cancer

37
Q

Early detection of cervical cancer is done with a _____, _____, and _____.

A

Pap smear, cervicography, and culposcopy.

38
Q

Associated with obesity and high levels of circulating estrogen.

A

Endometrial cancer

39
Q

Endometrial tissue develops anywhere outside the uterus, most often on the abdominal viscera.

A

Endometriosis

40
Q

Endometriosis is most often on the _____.

A

abdominal viscera

41
Q

During _____ tissue remains responsive to hormonal changes and causes pain, bleeding, and scarring

A

endometriosis

42
Q

Fibroid tumor, benign neoplasm arising from the uterine smooth muscle tissue, attached to the uterine body and develops in any of the tissue layers.

A

Leiomyoma

43
Q

Persistent or bleeding ovarian follicle that fails to regress after ovulation can become cystic.

A

Ovarian cyst

44
Q

Condition caused by herniation of the rectum into the vaginal wall.

A

rectocele

45
Q

Condition caused by herniation of the bladder into the vaginal wall.

A

cystocele

46
Q

An _____ occurs when a weakness of the uterosacral ligaments allow the intestine to bulge into the vaginal vault.

A

Enterocele

47
Q

Weakness and stretching of the cardinal ligaments, the uterus bulges into the vagina.

A

Uterine prolapse

48
Q

Implantation of the embryo outside the uterine cavity is an emergency that requires immediate surgical intervention to prevent rupture and hemorrhage.

A

Ectopic (extrauterine pregnancy)

49
Q

New technique that provides greater clarity of ultrasonic images.

A

Sonohysterography

50
Q

During a sonohysterography _____, _____, or _____ is injected into the uterine cavity through a small transcervical catheter before ultrasound testing.

A

normal saline, lactated Ringer solution, or 1.5% glycine

51
Q

Imaging technique that safer, painless, and does not require exposure to radiation.

A

Sonohysterography

52
Q

During a _____ a. Radiological contrast medium is injected into the uterus and fallopian tubes.

A

Hysterosalpingography (HSG)

53
Q

Used to screen for cervical cancer.

A

Papanicolaou (Pap) test

54
Q

During a Papanicolaou (Pap) test superficial _____ are collected from the _____ with a delicate plastic “brush,” the brush is then swirled in _____, which is used to prepare a series of miscroscope slides

A

endocervical (epithelial) cellsinternal cervical os prep solution

55
Q

Microscopic examination and biopsy of the cervix.

A

Colposcopy

56
Q

During a colposcopy, the _____ is painted with _____, which causes preinvasive cells to appear _____, these areas are biopsied with forceps.

A

cervixacetic acidwhite

57
Q

Used to treat epithelial carcinoma of the cervix or severe dysplasia (abnormal cells).

A

cone biopsy of the cervix

58
Q

A _____ involves the removal of a circumferential core of tissue around the cervical canal.

A

cone biopsy of the cervix

59
Q

The _____ performed using a local anesthetic and an electrosurgical loop filament; the technique is referred to as a _____.

A

cone biopsy of the cervixloop electrosurgical excision procedure (LEEP)

60
Q

LEEP can be done during _____ in the outpatient setting.

A

culposcopy

61
Q

During a _____, a semirigid or rigid hysteroscope is used to examine the interior of the uterus and to perform selective operative procedures.

A

hysteroscopy

62
Q

Most gynecological procedures are performed with the patient in the _____ or _____ position.

A

supine or lithotomy

63
Q

A _____ is inserted after the vaginal prep for selected laparoscopic procedures.

A

uterine manipulator (internal cervical retractor)

64
Q

Procedures of the _____ require atraumatic graspers and delicate dissecting instruments; a bipolar electrosurgical unit (ESU) is used rather than a monopolar type.

A

fallopian tubes

65
Q

_____ are used to anastomose the fallopian tubes.

A

microinstruments

66
Q

_____ are used to identify and trace anatomical structures during assessment.

A

Colored dyes

67
Q

Used during a hysterosalpingogram to verify the patency of the fallopian tubes.

A

Methylene blue dye

68
Q

Used during culposcopy to reveal areas of abnormal cervical tissue

A

Acetic acid (Monsel solution)

69
Q

Used during culposcopy for staining the cervix during the Schiller test.

A

Lugol solution

70
Q

Causes constriction of blood vessels when injected.

A

Vasopressin (Pistressin)

71
Q

Used in emergency cardiac response.

A

Vasopressin (Pistressin)

72
Q

May be injected into the uterus during hysterectomy or into a benign uterine tumor to prevent bleeding during removal.

A

Vasopressin (Pistressin)

73
Q

Drugs that enhance _____ are given during labor and after cesarean section and abortion.

A

uterine contractility

74
Q

Administered after delivery of the fetus and placenta to prevent postpartum hemorrhage.

A

Oxytocin (Pitocin)

75
Q

An ergot alkaline that is administered after abortion to enhance uterine contractions and control uterine bleeding.

A

Methylergonovine (Methergine)

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