Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Archive > Gynecological and Obstetrical Surgery (Chapter 24 and 34)-Part 1 > Flashcards

Gynecological and Obstetrical Surgery (Chapter 24 and 34)-Part 1 Flashcards

1
Q

Focuses on the treatment and prevention of disease affecting the female reproduction system

A

Gynecological and Reproductive Surgery

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Fertility medicine combines _____ and _____ to achieve and maintain pregnancy

A

gynecology and endocrinology

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

_____ relates to the process of pregnancy and birth (parturition)

A

Obstetrics

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What houses and protects the fetus during pregnancy?

A

uterus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

The superior (upper) portion of the uterus is called the _____ and lies above the insertion of the _____.

A

fundus

fallopian tubes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

The middle portion of the uterus is called the _____.

A

body

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

The lower portion of the uterus is the _____.

A

cervix

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

The uterus lies between the _____ and the _____.

A

the bladder anteriorly and the sigmoid colon posteriously

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What is capable of expansion to accommodate a growing fetus?

A

uterus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

In the uterus much of the of the corpus consists of _____ called the _____ and composed of _____ layers.

A

involuntary muscle
myometrium
three

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

The inner layer of the uterine corpus prevents _____ into the tubes of peritoneal cavity, which could result in endometriosis.

A

reflux of menstrual flow

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

The inner layer of the uterine corpus also contributes to the competency of the _____ to prevent premature expulsion of the fetus.

A

internal os sphincter

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Middle layer of the uterine corpus encloses _____.

A

large blood vessels

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

The muscle fibers of the middle layer of the uterine corpus act as living ligatures for _____ after delivery.

A

hemostasis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

The outer layer of the uterine corpus has _____ action, ejecting _____, _____, or the _____.

A

expulsion
menstrual flow and clots
an aborted embryo
fetus at term

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Which uterine ligaments suspend the uterus from the pelvic wall?

A

broad ligaments

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

The broad ligaments are composed of a broad _____ extending from each lateral surface of the uterus to the pelvic wall.

A

double sheet of peritoneum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Which uterine ligaments help suspend the uterus anteriorly and are located above the broad ligaments, near the fallopian tubes.

A

round ligaments

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

The round ligaments are _____ that extend from the anterior surface of the lateral borders of the fundus to the labia majora.

A

fibrous muscular bands

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Which uterine ligaments provide the primary support for the uterus and are located below the broad ligaments.

A

cardinal ligaments

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

The _____ are attached to the lateral vaginal fornices and supravaginal portion of the cervix.

A

cardinal ligaments

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

The cardinal ligaments act as a _____.

A

supportive pivot

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Which uterine ligaments attach the uterus to the sacrum and curve along the bottom of the uterus?

A

uterosacral ligaments

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

The uterosacral ligaments are peritoneal folds containing _____ and _____.

A

connective tissue and involuntary muscle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

_____ secrete the female hormones.

A

ovaries

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

The ovaries lie on each side of the _____.

A

uterus in the upper portion of the pelvic cavity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

The ovaries are suspended by the _____, or peritoneal tissue attached to the uterus by ovarian ligaments.

A

mesovarium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

Development and release of the ova are influenced by the pituitary gland, which stimulates the gonadotropic hormones _____ and _____.

A

luteinizing hormone (LH) and follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

The clitoris is a highly _____ that contains sensitive _____.

A

vascular organ

erectile tissue

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

What is the female erectile organ composed of bilateral cavernosa and a glans?

A

clitoris

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

The clitoris the female homolog to the _____.

A

penis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

The perineum is located between the _____ and the _____.

A

posterior vaginal wall and the anus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

Incision into the perineum exposes the strong _____ and _____ of the _____.

A

connective tissue and muscles

pelvic floor

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

What may be incised during the second stage of labor to prevent tearing?

A

perineum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

Characterized by hormonal and physical changes that occur regularly from the onset of menarche (menstrual periods) until menopause (cessation of natural childbearing).

A

Ovarian (menstrual) cycle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
36
Q

The ovarian (menstrual) cycle is approximately _____ long.

A

28 days

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
37
Q

The ovarian (menstrual) cycle has _____ distinct phases.

A

3

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
38
Q

The _____ of the ovarian (menstrual) cycle lasts from day 1 to day 14.

A

follicle phase

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
39
Q

The _____ of the ovarian (menstrual) cycle begins approximately 14 days from the start of the cycle and lasts from 16 to 32 hours.

A

ovulatory phase

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
40
Q

During the ovulatory phase, the _____, and _____ is secreted by the follicle (the corpus lutem [CL]) and causes the release of the ovum.

A

estrogen level falls, and progesterone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
41
Q

The ovum is picked up by the _____ to enable fertilization

A

fimbriae of the fallopian tubes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
42
Q

The _____ of the ovarian (menstrual) cycle begins approximately on day 16 and lasts approximately 12 days.

A

luteal phase

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
43
Q

After ovulation, the corpus luteum secretes _____ and _____.

A

estrogen and progesterone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
44
Q

What are Bartholin gland abscess?

A

infection of a Bartholin gland may occur if the gland is obstructed

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
45
Q

What is the most common and easily treated cancer of the reproductive tract with early diagnosis?

A

Cervical cancer

46
Q

What may be associated with HPV types 16, 18, 31, and 33?

A

Cervical cancer

47
Q

Early detection of cervical cancer is done with a _____, _____, and _____.

A

Pap smear, cervicography, and culposcopy.

48
Q

Associated with obesity and high levels of circulating estrogen.

A

Endometrial cancer

49
Q

Endometrial tissue develops anywhere outside the uterus, most often on the abdominal viscera.

A

Endometriosis

50
Q

Endometriosis is most often on the _____.

A

abdominal viscera

51
Q

During _____ tissue remains responsive to hormonal changes and causes pain, bleeding, and scarring

A

endometriosis

52
Q

Fibroid tumor, benign neoplasm arising from the uterine smooth muscle tissue, attached to the uterine body and develops in any of the tissue layers.

A

Leiomyoma

53
Q

Persistent or bleeding ovarian follicle that fails to regress after ovulation can become cystic.

A

Ovarian cyst

54
Q

Condition caused by herniation of the rectum into the vaginal wall.

A

rectocele

55
Q

Condition caused by herniation of the bladder into the vaginal wall.

A

cystocele

56
Q

An _____ occurs when a weakness of the uterosacral ligaments allow the intestine to bulge into the vaginal vault.

A

Enterocele

57
Q

Weakness and stretching of the cardinal ligaments, the uterus bulges into the vagina.

A

Uterine prolapse

58
Q

Implantation of the embryo outside the uterine cavity is an emergency that requires immediate surgical intervention to prevent rupture and hemorrhage.

A

Ectopic (extrauterine pregnancy)

59
Q

Includes routine blood tests and serum CA-125 test (tumor marker blood test).

A

preoperative malignancy screening

60
Q

During a preoperative malignancy screening _____ can provide a further means of assessment

A

laparoscopy

61
Q

Commonly used to assess the reproductive system and the stages of pregnancy.

A

pelvic or transvaginal ultrasound

62
Q

New technique that provides greater clarity of ultrasonic images.

A

Sonohysterography

63
Q

During a sonohysterography _____, _____, or _____ is injected into the uterine cavity through a small transcervical catheter before ultrasound testing.

A

normal saline, lactated Ringer solution, or 1.5% glycine

64
Q

Imaging technique that safer, painless, and does not require exposure to radiation.

A

Sonohysterography

65
Q

During a _____ a. Radiological contrast medium is injected into the uterus and fallopian tubes.

A

Hysterosalpingography (HSG)

66
Q

Used to screen for cervical cancer.

A

Papanicolaou (Pap) test

67
Q

During a Papanicolaou (Pap) test superficial _____ are collected from the _____ with a delicate plastic “brush,” the brush is then swirled in _____, which is used to prepare a series of miscroscope slides

A

endocervical (epithelial) cells
internal cervical os
prep solution

68
Q

Microscopic examination and biopsy of the cervix.

A

Colposcopy

69
Q

During a colposcopy, the _____ is painted with _____, which causes preinvasive cells to appear _____, these areas are biopsied with forceps.

A

cervix
acetic acid
white

70
Q

Used to treat epithelial carcinoma of the cervix or severe dysplasia (abnormal cells).

A

cone biopsy of the cervix

71
Q

A _____ involves the removal of a circumferential core of tissue around the cervical canal.

A

cone biopsy of the cervix

72
Q

The _____ performed using a local anesthetic and an electrosurgical loop filament; the technique is referred to as a _____.

A

cone biopsy of the cervix

loop electrosurgical excision procedure (LEEP)

73
Q

LEEP can be done during _____ in the outpatient setting.

A

culposcopy

74
Q

During a _____, a semirigid or rigid hysteroscope is used to examine the interior of the uterus and to perform selective operative procedures.

A

hysteroscopy

75
Q

During a hysteroscopy, the uterus is filled with a _____ to increase visibility.

A

clear fluid

76
Q

Most gynecological procedures are performed with the patient in the _____ or _____ position.

A

supine or lithotomy

77
Q

In the lithotomy position, protect the patient’s _____ and _____ at all times, even when patient is anesthetized

A

modesty and dignity

78
Q

In the lithotomy position, all patients must wear _____ or a _____.

A

antiembolism stockings or a sequential pressure device

79
Q

When the patient is placed in the lithotomy position, raise both legs simultaneously and slowly into the stirrups—this requires _____, no exceptions.

A

two people

80
Q

In the lithotomy position, make sure hips are slightly _____; at no time should the knees or hips be allowed to drop laterally, because this can dislocate the knees or avulse the hip joint.

A

externally rotated

81
Q

In the lithotomy position, raise or lower the patient’s legs only after the _____ has advised it is safe; placing patient in lithotomy position may cause changes in _____.

A

anesthesia care provider

blood pressure

82
Q

In the lithotomy position, when operating the _____, make sure patient’s hands are not near the break.

A

lower table break

83
Q

In the lithotomy position, when lowering the legs from the stirrups, follow the same procedure as for raising them; _____ are required, and must be performed slowly to prevent injury.

A

two people

84
Q

During _____, the scrub is in an awkward position.

A

vaginal procedures

85
Q

Skin prep and draping usually includes both _____ and _____ prep with insertion of a _____.

A

abdominal and vaginal

Foley catheter

86
Q

A _____ is inserted after the vaginal prep for selected laparoscopic procedures.

A

uterine manipulator (internal cervical retractor)

87
Q

When prepping, the _____ is performed first; this is to prevent possible _____ from splashed droplets during perineal prep.

A

perineal prep

contamination of the abdomen

88
Q

During prep, always prepare the two sites _____, not _____

A

sequentially

simultaneously

89
Q

During prep, a separate _____ and _____ are required for each site

A

prep kit and gloves

90
Q

Procedures of the _____ require atraumatic graspers and delicate dissecting instruments; a bipolar electrosurgical unit (ESU) is used rather than a monopolar type.

A

fallopian tubes

91
Q

_____ are used to anastomose the fallopian tubes.

A

microinstruments

92
Q

Open _____ of the _____ require a general surgery setup with uterine clamps, plus additional atraumatic clamps (Babcock forceps and vascular forceps) for handling the fallopian tubes, ovaries, and bowel; long instruments are needed for patients who are deep bodied and for deep pelvic procedures; harmonic shears and a high-frequency (HF) vessel-sealing system often are used during uterine surgery.

A

gynecological procedures

pelvic cavity

93
Q

_____ require vaginal speculums and long instruments, including uterine clamps and heavy dissecting scissors.

A

Transvaginal pelvic procedures

94
Q

_____ require graduated cervical dilators, uterine sounds, forceps, sharp and smooth curettes, and an ample supply of sponges; suction and monopolar ESU of HF bipolar electrosurgical unit are needed for all procedures.

A

Transcervical procedures

95
Q

Many reproductive drugs are available to control _____, _____, and _____.

A

fertility, hormonal dysfunction, and diseases of the reproductive system

96
Q

_____ are used to identify and trace anatomical structures during assessment.

A

Colored dyes

97
Q

Used during a hysterosalpingogram to verify the patency of the fallopian tubes.

A

Methylene blue dye

98
Q

Used during culposcopy to reveal areas of abnormal cervical tissue

A

Acetic acid (Monsel solution)

99
Q

Used during culposcopy for staining the cervix during the Schiller test.

A

Lugol solution

100
Q

Causes constriction of blood vessels when injected.

A

Vasopressin (Pistressin)

101
Q

Used in emergency cardiac response.

A

Vasopressin (Pistressin)

102
Q

May be injected into the uterus during hysterectomy or into a benign uterine tumor to prevent bleeding during removal.

A

Vasopressin (Pistressin)

103
Q

Drugs that enhance _____ are given during labor and after cesarean section and abortion.

A

uterine contractility

104
Q

Administered after delivery of the fetus and placenta to prevent postpartum hemorrhage.

A

Oxytocin (Pitocin)

105
Q

An ergot alkaline that is administered after abortion to enhance uterine contractions and control uterine bleeding.

A

Methylergonovine (Methergine)

106
Q

Sutures for uterine ligaments and vessels.

A

absorbable synthetic 0 to 2-0 taper needle

107
Q

Sutures for bladder reflection.

A

absorbable synthetic 2-0 to 3-0 small taper needle

108
Q

Sutures for ovary.

A

absorbable synthetic 3-0 to 4-0 small taper needle

109
Q

Sutures for fallopian tube repair/anastomosis.

A

inert monofilament or braided 5-0 to 7-0

110
Q

Sutures for vaginal vault.

A

absorbable synthetic 2-0 to 3-0 medium curved needle

111
Q

Sutures for plastic procedures of the vulva.

A

Nylon, Prolene, or other monofilament, 3-0, 4-0; 3/8 cutting needle

Archive (8 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions