Review booklet questions Flashcards
Explain why rock changes states as you go deeper and closer to earths core?
AS you go deeper it gets hotter, the increase in temperature turns rock to liquid, when you hit the outer core it becomes completely liquid. The inner core is solid because of all the pressure from the other layers.
Describe where magma comes from and how it gets pushed out of a volcano
Magma is from the mantle and as rock turns to liquid(molten rock) it expands, and pushes it put the volcano, Volcanos from where there is cracks in the earths crust and magma was able to seep out the mantle
Describe how earth quakes form
Convection in the mantle causes tectonic plates to move. After many years of pressure being built up from plates pushing against each other they break and cause an earthquake.
Describe the difference between the focus and epicentre with an earthquake.
The focus is where the break happens below the Earth’s surface, and the epicentre is located directly above the focus on the Earth’s surface.
Describe the difference between mechanical, chemical, and biological weathering.
Mechanical Weathering: rocks are eroded by wind, water, or ice
Chemical Weathering: rocks are broken down by chemicals
Biological Weathering: rocks are eroded and broken down by living things, such as trees or lichen.
Describe the three types of mechanical weathering (water, ice, wind).
Water: a river erodes the edges of a river as water rushes past the banks, and it deposits sediments on the other side of the river, making rivers windier.
Ice: Glaciers pick up and deposit rocks as they move from melting.
Wind: wind carries particles of rocks that hit against rock structures and erode the rock into sediments
Define erosion and deposition, including what causes them.
Erosion: breaking down of rock into small pieces called sediments
Deposition: moving rocks from one location and placing them in another
List the five properties used to describe minerals, and explain what each of them mean.
Colour: identify by looking at it
Lustre: how the surface of the rock reflects light
Streak: the colour left behind when you scrape a rock against a plate
Fracture/Cleavage: if a rock breaks with clean and straight surfaces that is called a cleavage, if it breaks with a rough surface that is called a fracture.
Hardness: we identify how hard a rock is by scraping it against a glass plate and rating it on Mohs hardness scale (a glass plate is around a 5)
Describe how the three different types of rock are formed.
Igneous: cooled magma
Sedimentary: sediments get layered up and overtime the pressure of the layers compacts the sediments into sedimentary rock
Metamorphic: when a sedimentary or igneous rock is deep below the Earth’s surface it experiences great heat and pressure, which causes it to change form into a metamorphic rock
Explain the difference between intrusive and extrusive igneous rock.
Intrusive: cools above the Earth’s surface (lava rock)
Extrusive: cools below the Earth’s surface
What is strata, and what does it tell us about the Earth?
Strata are layers of piled up sediment. They can be used to tell how old fossils are, based on where in the strata the fossils are found.
What does grain size tell us about a rock?
The larger the grain size, the more time the rock was under heat and pressure (more time for crystals to form)
