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311 Radbio > Review > Flashcards

Review Flashcards

1
Q

An OSL control monitor indicates?

A

Whether group dosimeters were exposed in transit

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2
Q

What personnel monitoring device resembles a flash drive?

A

Personnel digital ionization dosimeter

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3
Q 
Neither tolerance dose or threshold dose is currently used for the purposes of \_\_\_
A. Control
B. Measurement
C. Damage
D. Safety
A

D. Safety

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4
Q 
All of these are cellular effects of irradiation except:
A. Apoptosis
B. Chromosome breakage
C. Reproductive death
D. Organogenesis
A

D. Organogenesis

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5
Q

A 1000 Gy dose can cause this cellular effect?

A

Instant death

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6
Q

This is cell death during interphase, cell doesn’t attempt to divide:

A

Apoptosis

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7
Q

When a cell loses the ability to reproduce but continues to function, what type of cellular effect is this?

A

Reproductive death

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8
Q

This type of cellular reaction to irradiation can also occur spontaneously in nature?

A

Apoptosis

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9
Q

The cell dies after 1 or more divisions. This is called?

A

Mitotic death

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10
Q

The cell does not start dividing on time describes:

A

Mitotic delay

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11
Q

High LET radiation is of greatest concern when it is ingested, inhaled, etc. because?

A

The potential exists for irreparable damage because multiple-strand breaks in DNA are possible

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12
Q

Which action of ionizing radiation is most harmful to the human body?

A

Indirection action

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13
Q

Which molecules in the human body are most commonly directly acted upon by ionizing radiation to produce molecular damage through an indirection action?

A

Water

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14
Q

When does ionizing radiation cause complete chromosome breakage?

A

When two direct hits occur in the same rung of the DNA macromolecule

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15
Q

What is a mutation?

A

An unrepaired change to the genetic code

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16
Q

Name two categories of DNA damage

A

Single strand break and double strand break

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17
Q

Ionizing radiations are classified as?

A

Particulate and electromagnetic

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18
Q

An alpha particle contains?

A

Two protons and two neutrons

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19
Q

Where are alpha particles emitted from?

A

The nuclei of heavy elements

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20
Q

Are alpha particles positive, negative, or neutral charge?

A

Positive

21
Q

Do alpha particles have lesser or greater mass than other particulate radiations?

A

Greater

22
Q

The indirect action of matter with photon energy involves the absorption of radiation within a:

A

Water molecule

23
Q

Somatic effects of irradiation may become evident in:

A

The exposed individual

24
Q

The quantity of x-rays or gamma rays required to produce a given amount of ionizations in a unit mass of air in measured by:

A

Coulombs/kg

25
Q

A device that is employed for detection and measurement of radiation exposure from x-radiation is called a?

A

Dosimeter

26
Q

All of the following would be classified as field survey devices except:
A. Film badge
B. Geiger-Mueller counter
C. Scintillation detector

A

A. Film badge

27
Q

What instrument detects the presence of radiation rather than measuring the quantity?

A

Geiger-Mueller counter

28
Q

What is OSL?

A

Optically stimulated luminescence

29
Q

OSL dosimeters:
A. Are not commonly employed with routine use
B. Provide an immediate readout to the user
C. Are precise with low level exposures

A

C.

30
Q

If the quality factor of ionizing radiation is higher, the RBE:

A

Is also higher

31
Q 
Biologic material is most sensitive to irradiation under which of the following conditions?
A. Anoxic
B. Hypoxic
C. Deoxygenated
D. Oxygenated
A

D.

32
Q

During radiolysis of water, which type of toxic chemical can be produced when free radicals combine?

A

Hydrogen peroxide

33
Q

The term for cell division of genetic cells?

A

Meiosis

34
Q

DNA duplication occurs during which phase of the cell cycle?

A

S phase

35
Q 
Which phase of the cell life cycle is not part of interphase?
A. Prophase
B. G2
C.
G1
A

A. Prophase

36
Q

What is exit, or image forming radiation composed of?

A

Non-interacting and small-angle scattered photons

37
Q

Attenuation is comprised of?

A

Absorption and scatter

38
Q 
In the diagnostic range of x-ray photon energies, which of these structures will undergo the most photoelectric absorption?
A. Soft tissue
B. Compact bone
C. Fat
D. Air cavities
A

B. Compact bone

Due to high atomic number

39
Q 
The incident photon energy is partially absorbed in which of these interactions?
A. Compton
B. Photoelectric
C. Coherent
D. Pair production
A

A. Compton

40
Q

Which of the following influences attenuation? (May be multiple or just one)
A. Effective atomic number of absorber
B. Mass density
C. Thickness of absorber

A

All
(If attenuation is absorption and scatter, absorption happens due to photoelectric effect. Scatter happens due to Compton. Then all 3 influence attenuation because all three have an effect on either photoelectric or Compton)

41
Q

This x-ray interaction with matter results in a <20° change in direction of the travel of the incident photon?

A

Coherent

42
Q

T/F: The probability of photoelectric and Compton effect occurring are both dependent upon the energy of the incident photon

A

True

43
Q

If the energy of the incident photon is greater than, yet close to the energy of the K shell e-, this interaction is most likely to occur?

A

Photoelectric

44
Q

The greater the angle of the Compton scattered photon, the ___ energy of the Compton scattered photon

A

Lower

45
Q

Differential absorption involves which interaction?

A

Photoelectric

46
Q

The more dense the body part, the more of these types of interactions?

A

Compton and Photoelectric

47
Q

This type of interaction is highly dependent upon the atomic number of the tissue it interacts with?

A

Photoelectric

48
Q

Positive contrast media is administered to a patient to increase what type of interaction?

A

Photoelectric

311 Radbio (3 decks)

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