Review

Question 1

An OSL control monitor indicates?

Answer 1

Whether group dosimeters were exposed in transit

Question 2

What personnel monitoring device resembles a flash drive?

Answer 2

Personnel digital ionization dosimeter

Question 3

Neither tolerance dose or threshold dose is currently used for the purposes of \_\_\_
A. Control
B. Measurement
C. Damage
D. Safety

Answer 3

D. Safety

Question 4

All of these are cellular effects of irradiation except:
A. Apoptosis
B. Chromosome breakage
C. Reproductive death
D. Organogenesis

Answer 4

D. Organogenesis

Question 5

A 1000 Gy dose can cause this cellular effect?

Answer 5

Instant death

Question 6

This is cell death during interphase, cell doesn’t attempt to divide:

Answer 6

Apoptosis

Question 7

When a cell loses the ability to reproduce but continues to function, what type of cellular effect is this?

Answer 7

Reproductive death

Question 8

This type of cellular reaction to irradiation can also occur spontaneously in nature?

Answer 8

Apoptosis

Question 9

The cell dies after 1 or more divisions. This is called?

Answer 9

Mitotic death

Question 10

The cell does not start dividing on time describes:

Answer 10

Mitotic delay

Question 11

High LET radiation is of greatest concern when it is ingested, inhaled, etc. because?

Answer 11

The potential exists for irreparable damage because multiple-strand breaks in DNA are possible

Question 12

Which action of ionizing radiation is most harmful to the human body?

Answer 12

Indirection action

Question 13

Which molecules in the human body are most commonly directly acted upon by ionizing radiation to produce molecular damage through an indirection action?

Answer 13

Water

Question 14

When does ionizing radiation cause complete chromosome breakage?

Answer 14

When two direct hits occur in the same rung of the DNA macromolecule

Question 15

What is a mutation?

Answer 15

An unrepaired change to the genetic code

Question 16

Name two categories of DNA damage

Answer 16

Single strand break and double strand break

Question 17

Ionizing radiations are classified as?

Answer 17

Particulate and electromagnetic

Question 18

An alpha particle contains?

Answer 18

Two protons and two neutrons

Question 19

Where are alpha particles emitted from?

Answer 19

The nuclei of heavy elements

Question 20

Are alpha particles positive, negative, or neutral charge?

Answer 20

Positive

Question 21

Do alpha particles have lesser or greater mass than other particulate radiations?

Answer 21

Greater

Question 22

The indirect action of matter with photon energy involves the absorption of radiation within a:

Answer 22

Water molecule

Question 23

Somatic effects of irradiation may become evident in:

Answer 23

The exposed individual

Question 24

The quantity of x-rays or gamma rays required to produce a given amount of ionizations in a unit mass of air in measured by:

Answer 24

Coulombs/kg

Question 25

A device that is employed for detection and measurement of radiation exposure from x-radiation is called a?

Answer 25

Dosimeter

Question 26

All of the following would be classified as field survey devices except: A. Film badge B. Geiger-Mueller counter C. Scintillation detector

Answer 26

A. Film badge

Question 27

What instrument detects the presence of radiation rather than measuring the quantity?

Answer 27

Geiger-Mueller counter

Question 28

What is OSL?

Answer 28

Optically stimulated luminescence

Question 29

OSL dosimeters: A. Are not commonly employed with routine use B. Provide an immediate readout to the user C. Are precise with low level exposures

Answer 29

C.

Question 30

If the quality factor of ionizing radiation is higher, the RBE:

Answer 30

Is also higher

Question 31

``` Biologic material is most sensitive to irradiation under which of the following conditions? A. Anoxic B. Hypoxic C. Deoxygenated D. Oxygenated ```

Answer 31

D.

Question 32

During radiolysis of water, which type of toxic chemical can be produced when free radicals combine?

Answer 32

Hydrogen peroxide

Question 33

The term for cell division of genetic cells?

Answer 33

Meiosis

Question 34

DNA duplication occurs during which phase of the cell cycle?

Answer 34

S phase

Question 35

``` Which phase of the cell life cycle is not part of interphase? A. Prophase B. G2 C. G1 ```

Answer 35

A. Prophase

Question 36

What is exit, or image forming radiation composed of?

Answer 36

Non-interacting and small-angle scattered photons

Question 37

Attenuation is comprised of?

Answer 37

Absorption and scatter

Question 38

``` In the diagnostic range of x-ray photon energies, which of these structures will undergo the most photoelectric absorption? A. Soft tissue B. Compact bone C. Fat D. Air cavities ```

Answer 38

B. Compact bone | Due to high atomic number

Question 39

``` The incident photon energy is partially absorbed in which of these interactions? A. Compton B. Photoelectric C. Coherent D. Pair production ```

Answer 39

A. Compton

Question 40

Which of the following influences attenuation? (May be multiple or just one) A. Effective atomic number of absorber B. Mass density C. Thickness of absorber

Answer 40

All (If attenuation is absorption and scatter, absorption happens due to photoelectric effect. Scatter happens due to Compton. Then all 3 influence attenuation because all three have an effect on either photoelectric or Compton)

Question 41

This x-ray interaction with matter results in a <20° change in direction of the travel of the incident photon?

Answer 41

Coherent

Question 42

T/F: The probability of photoelectric and Compton effect occurring are both dependent upon the energy of the incident photon

Answer 42

True

Question 43

If the energy of the incident photon is greater than, yet close to the energy of the K shell e-, this interaction is most likely to occur?

Answer 43

Photoelectric

Question 44

The greater the angle of the Compton scattered photon, the ___ energy of the Compton scattered photon

Answer 44

Lower

Question 45

Differential absorption involves which interaction?

Answer 45

Photoelectric

Question 46

The more dense the body part, the more of these types of interactions?

Answer 46

Compton and Photoelectric

Question 47

This type of interaction is highly dependent upon the atomic number of the tissue it interacts with?

Answer 47

Photoelectric

Question 48

Positive contrast media is administered to a patient to increase what type of interaction?

Answer 48

Photoelectric