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Biochem Test 2- Albertson > Review > Flashcards

Review Flashcards

1
Q

What are the major storage form of biological energy

A

Triglycerides

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2
Q

What are the dietary nutrients of the CAC and what are each EMS key metabolites

A

Protein
- AA

Carbohydrate
- Glucose

Fat
- Glycerol and FA

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3
Q

What are the excretory products out of the CAC?

A

Urea

H2O

CO2

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4
Q

What leads to active insulin?

A

Cleavage of C-peptide from proinsulin

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5
Q

What stimulates insulin?

A 
Lipogenesis 
Glycogenesis
Glycolysis 
Pentose Phosphate Pathway 
Protein synthesis 
Active transport of glucose in muscle and adipose cells
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6
Q

What inhibits insulin?

A

Lipolysis
Gluconeogenesis
Protein catabolism
Glycogenolysis

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7
Q

Insulin in the liver does what

A

Increase

Glycogenesis
FA synthesis
Glycolysis
PPP

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8
Q

Insulin in adipose tissue does what?

A

Increase

Glucose
FA synthesis

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9
Q

Insulin does what in the skeletal muscle

A

Increase

Glucose uptake
Glycogenesis
Protein synthesis

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10
Q

What is the process of insulin release from B-cells

A
  1. Glucose enters B- cells via glucose transporter 2
  2. Increase ATP simulates K+ channels and depos cell membrane
  3. Depo opens voltage- gated Ca2+ channels and IP3, stimulate CA2+ release from ER
  4. Increase intercellular Ca2+ triggers release of insulin
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11
Q

Hormone of fasting produced by?

A

Pancreatic a-cells

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12
Q

What are the catecholamine hormones?

A

Norepinephrine
Epinephrine

Provides immediate regulation of metabolism

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13
Q

What is a neurotransmitter?

A

Norepinephrine
Acetylcholine

Transmits nerve impulses across a synapse

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14
Q

What is a hormone

A

Steroid
Peptide

Produced in one part of the body and travels to another part to exert it action through blood

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15
Q

What is type 1 and 2 DM

A

Type 1= no insulin made (skinny)

Type 2= insulin made but tissues resistant (overweight)

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16
Q

Type 1 DM factors

A

Autoimmune destruction of b-cells
- loss of insulin production

Muscle and fat cells cannot take up available blood glucose

Increase lipolysis - increase ketone bodies - ketoacidosis

17
Q

Type 2 DM factors

A

Ketoacidosis is not common

May lead to HHNS
- sugar goes to urine

18
Q

Where does FA synthesis take place

A 
Liver
Adipose tissue 
Kidney 
Brain
Mammary glands

Biochem Test 2- Albertson (2 decks)

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