Amino Acid Metabolism

Question 1

Breakdown of glucose molecule (sugar with 6 C atoms) to form pyruvates (molecules with 3 C atoms) = Catabolism

Answer 1

Glycolysis

Question 2

Synthesis of glycogen from glucose = Anabolism (buildup of larger molecule from glucose)

Answer 2

Glycogenesis

Question 3

Breakdown of glycogen molecule to produce glucose (catabolism)

Answer 3

Glycogenolysis

Question 4

Synthesis of glucose from non-carbohydrate sources like pyruvate, maleate, etc

Answer 4

Gluconeogenesis

Question 5

Metabolic pathway uses to synthesize sugar [Ribose (component of DNA/RNA) and NADPH]

Answer 5

Pentode phosphate pathway

Question 6

What are the end products of glycolysis?

Answer 6

2 Pyruvate 
2 ATP
2 NADH
2 H2O
2 H+

Question 7

What enzyme catalyze the first step of glycolysis?

Answer 7

Hexokinase
- catalyze 1st RXN yielding glucose-6-phosphate

Glucokinase
- Replaces hexokinase in liver/ pancreas

Question 8

Pyruvate can be used to synthesize lactic acid in the presence of what molecule?

Answer 8

NADH will stimulate lactate dehydrogenase to make lactic acid from pyruvate

Question 9

What would happen if their was a high concentration of ATP in glycolysis?

Answer 9

Inhibits phosphokinase 1 which will not have fructose 1-6 synthesized

Question 10

What is the molecule that connects glycolysis and Krebs cycle?

Answer 10

Pyruvate

Question 11

Glycolysis: phosphorylation has a coenzyme yield and ATP yield of what?

Answer 11

None

-2

Question 12

Glycolysis: energy production phase has a coenzyme yield and ATP yield of what?

Answer 12

2 NADH (x3-2)

4

Question 13

Oxidative decarboxylation has a coenzyme yield and ATP yield of what?

Answer 13

2 NADH (x3)

6

Question 14

Krebs cycle (substrate-level phosphorylation) has a coenzyme yield and ATP yield of what?

Answer 14

Substrate-level phosphorylation

• None
• 2

Oxidative phosphorylation

• 6 NADH (x3)
• 18

Oxidative phosphorylation

• 2 FADH2 (x2)
• 4

Question 15

What happens in complex I of oxidative phosphorylation?

Answer 15

Accepts electrons from NADH

Question 16

What happens in complex II of oxidative phosphorylation?

Answer 16

Accepts e- from succinate

Question 17

What happens in complex III of oxidative phosphorylation?

Answer 17

Accepts electrons from reduced Q protein that itself receives electrons from FADH2 generated from complex II

Question 18

What happens in complex IV of oxidative phosphorylation?

Answer 18

Accepts e- from cytochrome c molecules

Question 19

What is Complex V?

Answer 19

ATP synthase

Transports the H+ back through inner membrane into matrix, utilizing the energy from the H+ gradient to form ATP

Question 20

What is the functions of the complexes?

Answer 20

Maintain constant flow of protons, without this we cannot have water, the H+ comes from the outside of the cell