Review

Question 1

Order of checking lungs, heart etc

Answer 1

Auscultation
Percussion
Palpation

(Anything w/ respiratory, do Auscultation last…IPPA)

Question 2

Lubb dubb sound

Answer 2

S1- closing AV valve

S2-closure of semilunar valves

Question 3

When to use bell and diaphragm of stethoscope

Answer 3

Bell: LOW pitch

Diaphragm: high pitched (heart/lungs)

Question 4

Planes of the body

Answer 4

Coronal/frontal: body into anterior/posterior

Sagittal: right/left

Transverse: superior/inferior

Question 5

Axis of body (use pen and piece of paper to help visualize)

Answer 5

A/P axis + Coronal + Side-bending L to R

R/L axis + Sagittal + forward and backward bending

Longitudinal (S/I) + Horizontal/Transverse + rotating

Question 6

Gravitational Line: landmarks

Answer 6

Head: external auditory canal
Arms: lateral head of humerus
Spine: 3rd lumbar vertebrae
Sacrum: anterior 1/3 of sacrum
Hip: greater trochanter
Knee: lateral condyle of the knee
Ankle: lateral malleolus

Goal: body wants to maintain eye level

Question 7

Kyphosis vs Lordosis

Answer 7

Kyphosis:Upper part of spine is bent FORWARD (hunched over)

Lordosis: lower part of spin is bent FORWARD (bent backwards)…“If you meet a lord you are going to over-correct your posture so you are not slumped over

Question 8

Pectus excavatum

Answer 8

Funnel chest/abnormal depression

“when you’re excavating, you’re digging a hole”

Question 9

Pectus Carinatum

Answer 9

Chest poking out

Question 10

History of Present Illness (HPI)

Answer 10

OPQRST or OLDCARTS

Onset
Provocation or palliation
Quality of the pain
Region and radiation
Severity
Time

Question 11

Parts of patient chart

Answer 11

Subjective: something patient tells you

Objective: From the physical exam or something you see

Assessment: Relating to a diagnosis

Plan: what you will do for them

Question 12

NURS mnemonic- emotions

Answer 12

NURS

Name the patient’s emotion
make an Understanding statement
Respect the patient
offer Support

Question 13

CAGE: alcohol

Answer 13

Felt need to CUT down drinking?
Felt ANNOYED by criticism of your drinking?
Had GUILTY feelings about your drinking?
Taken a morning EYE opener

2 or more= >90% alcohol dependence

Question 14

Smoking: pack years

Answer 14

Years smoking x packs/day

Question 15

Sexual history (5 P’s)

Answer 15

Partners
Prevention of Pregnancy (what method)
Protection from STD's
Practices
Past history of STD's

Question 16

Domestic violence (SAFE)

Answer 16

Stress/safety
Afraid/abused
Friends/Family
Emergency plan

Question 17

Faith (FICA)

Answer 17

Faith
Importance
Community
Address in care

Question 18

Wolff’s law

Answer 18

Bone increases where it’s needed

Question 19

Hilton’s Law

Answer 19

Nerves supplying a joint also supply muscles moving the joint and the skin covering the attachments of those muscles

Question 20

Fibrillation vs Eburnation

Answer 20

Fibrillation: due to loss of proteoglycans. “Like pushing paint brush tip and it spreads out”

Eburnation: (you “burned” it all away). Complete loss of articular cartilage

Question 21

Ligaments/tendons become stronger and stiffer w/ stress

Answer 21

True

Question 22

What’s the most common type of arthritis?

Answer 22

Osteoarthritis

No swelling in joint

Question 23

What is Fibrillation?

Answer 23

Water in cartilage at the end of the bone….ground glass appearance

Question 24

What is Eburnation?

Answer 24

Ulcer on end of bone

Exposed bone takes on an ivory-like appearance (hard and polished)

Question 25

What are joint mice and what is the common term?

Answer 25

Bone floating free in synovial fluid

“osteochromatosis”

“locking or catching”- like a door stop

Question 26

What is the most common type of inflammatory arthritis?

Answer 26

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) (more common in smaller joints

big joint= osteoarthritis