Review

Question 1

Aspiration

Answer 1

Inhalation of foreign contents into the lungs.

Question 2

Alveoli

Answer 2

Functional units of the respiratory system; area in the lungs where the majority of gas exchange takes place; singular form is ALVEOLUS.

Question 3

Identify the lobes of the brain

Answer 3

Cerebellum
Diencephalon 
Limbic System
Brainstem 
Ventricles

Question 4

Identify the function and location of the cerebellum

Answer 4

Cerebellum - the second largest part of the brain, the cerebellum lies above the brainstem and posterior to the cerebrum. The cerebellum coordinates movements, balance, and posture.

Question 5

Identify the location and function of the diencephalon

Answer 5

Diencephalon - toward the center of the brain is the diencephalon. The diencephalon includes the thalamus and the hypothalamus. The thalamus, composed of gray matter, connects sensory input between the spinal cord and the cerebral cortex and houses much of the reticular activating system, which is responsible for arousal, (sleep/wake transitions).
The tiny hypothalamus, not much bigger than a cherry pit, is responsible for maintaining homeostasis in the body.
It links the sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous system by way of the pituitary gland. The hormones of the hypothalamus stimulate or inhibit the release of hormones from the pituitary gland to regulate the circadian rhythm, (the body’s innate sleep cycle), thirst, hunger, and other functions.

Question 6

Identify the location and function of the Limbic system

Answer 6

Surrounding the thalamus are the structures of the primitive brain, known collectively as the Limbic system. The Limbic system comprises two structures: the amygdala and the hippocampus. The system is connected to the prefrontal cortex of the frontal lobe. The Limbic system is referred to as the “primitive brain” because it controls basic survival instincts and many of the behavioral responses that constitute key features of our personalities, such as whether we have a positive or negative outlook. It’s responsible for intense feelings - fear, frustration, anxiety, tension, anger, rage, sexual desire, appetite, the desire or ability to bond, and the storage of our emotional memories. The Limbic system allows us to interpret events as they are happening and help us predict the consequences of actions or events.

Question 7

Identify the location and function of the brainstem

Answer 7

Connecting the spinal cord to the brain is the brainstem, which includes the medulla and pons. Some texts also classify the midbrain as part of the brainstem.
The medulla controls basic physiologic functions such as breathing and heart rate.
The pons, (meaning “bridge”), connects the cerebellum to the medulla and is responsible for facial expression.

Question 8

Identify the location and function of the ventricles of the brain

Answer 8

The ventricles, (“little bellies”), of the brain are cavity - like spaces filled with circulating CSF, which is constantly produced by the capillary network within the ventricles.

Question 9

ARDS

Answer 9

Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome -

Collection of fluid in the alveoli of the lung, usually as a result of trauma or serious illness.