review Flashcards
True or false
ATOM IS NOT INDIVISIBLE OR
UNCUTTABLE
true
ATOM CONTAINS _ PARTICLES
SUBATOMIC
Dalton’s Atomic Theory
All matter is composed of extremely small particles called _.
Atoms of a _ element are identical in size, mass, and other properties.
Atoms of _ elements differ in size, mass, and other properties.
Atoms of different elements can combine in simple whole number ratios to form chemical compounds.
Atoms rearrange only during a chemical reaction to form new compounds.
atoms
given
different
Electron
• _ charge
• Symbol (_)
• Discovered by _
• _ ray tube experiment
• _ _ model
Negative (-)
• Discovered by J.J Thomson
• Cathode ray tube experiment
• Plum pudding model
Nucleus
• _ of an atom
• Discovered by _
• Student of J.J Thomson
• _ _ Experiment
• _ model of atom
• Center of an atom
• Discovered by Ernest Rutherford
• Student of J.J Thomson
• Gold foil Experiment
• Nuclear model of atom
Proton
• _ charge
• Symbol of (_)
• Discovered by _
• _ _ Experiment
• _ model of atom
• Positive charge
• Symbol of (+)
• Discovered by Ernest Rutherford
• Gold foil Experiment
• Nuclear model of atom
Neutrons
• _ charge
• Discovered by _
• Student of Ernest Rutherford
• the bombardment of _ experiment
• _ = proton and neutron
• Neutral charge
• Discovered by James Chadwick
• Student of Ernest Rutherford
• the bombardment of Be experiment
• Nucleons = proton and neutron
_ _
Planetary Model of Atom
the electrons encircle the nucleus of the atom in specific allowable paths called_.
Niels Bohr
orbits
_ _
Quantum Mechanical Model
describes the probability of finding electrons within given orbitals, or three-dimensional regions of space, withinan atom.
ERWIN SCHRODINGER
• Represented by a symbol Z
• It is the number of _ in a _.
• Number of protons is equal to the number of _ in a _ atom.
Atomic number
• Represented by a symbol Z
• It is the number of protons in a nucleus.
• Number of protons is equal to the number of electrons in a neutral atom.
• Represented by a symbol A
• It is equivalent to the number of protons and neutrons in a nucleus.
Mass number
Types of Chemical Formulas
EMPIRICAL FORMULA
MOLECULAR FORMULA
CONDENSED FORMULA
STRUCTURAL FORMULA
A _ _ indicates the elements and their proportions in a compound
chemical formula
simplest whole number ratio
empirical formula
number and type of atoms
molecular formula
order and formula of functional groups
condensed formula
graphic representation of structure
structural formula
An _ number is a positive or negative number that is assigned
to an atom to indicate its degree of oxidation or reduction.
The elements of group _ have an oxidation number of _1, which means that these elements lose one electron to other element to become chemically stable.
On the other note, the elements of group _ assigned an oxidation number of _1, which means that each element acquires an electron to become chemically stable.
oxidation
1A
+1
7A
-1
Metal elements
• Group ,,_
• Has a tendency to form _ IONS
IA, IIA, IIIA
POSITIVE
Nonmetal elements
• Group ,,,
• Has a tendency to form _ IONS
IVA, VA, VIA, VIA
NEGATIVE
There are two kinds of forces, or attractions, that operate in a
molecule.
-Intramolecular and intermolecular
_ force
-are forces that exist between molecules.
_ force
-are forces that hold atoms together within
a molecule
Intermolecular force
Intramolecular force
❑ _ forces are the chemical bonds holding the atoms together in a molecule.
❑ _ bonding - the force that holds the
atoms together as a unit.
❑Ions, molecules and compounds
Intramolecular
Chemical
Number of electrons in the outermost
shell
VALENCE ELECTRON
Number of electrons in the outermost
shell
❑Gilbert Newton Lewis
❑The symbol of the element is written at
the center and has dots surrounding it
which represents the valence electrons.
LEWIS DOT DIAGRAM
Atoms tend to combine in such way
that they each have eight electrons in
their outermost shells.
HAPPY ATOM – STABLE – UNREACTIVE
UNHAPPY ATOM – UNSTABLE - REACTIVE
OCTET RULE
❑Formed between a METAL and a
NON-METAL
❑The transfer of electrons from
one atom to another causes a
neutral atoms to become ions.
IONIC BOND
❑Formed between two NONMETALS
❑Covalent bonding occurs when two or more elements share electron
COVALENT BOND
THREE TYPES OF
COVALENT BOND
single
double
triple
❑ Formed when a pair of electrons between two atoms is shared.
Cl - Cl
SINGLE COVALENT BOND
