mod 1.2 saturated hydrocarbons Flashcards
_ _
✓ Obtained from living organisms
_ _
✓ Obtained from mineral constituents
Organic compounds
Inorganic compounds
_ compounds can be synthesized from
inorganic materials
Organic
✓ Study of hydrocarbons
✓ Compounds of carbon and hydrogen and
their derivatives.
Organic chemistry
✓ Study of all substances other than
hydrocarbons and their derivatives.
Inorganic chemistry
Which of the following statements concerning organic compounds is
correct?
a. Organic compounds are found only in living organisms.
b. Organic compounds always contain the element carbon.
c. Organic compounds cannot be prepared in the laboratory.
d. no correct response
Which of the following statements concerning the number of known
organic and inorganic compounds is correct?
a. Organic compounds greatly outnumber inorganic compounds.
b. Inorganic compounds greatly outnumber organic compounds.
c. Organic and inorganic
d. no correct response
_ atoms have the unique ability to bond to each other in a wide variety of ways.
Carbon
Which of the following statements about the covalent bonding
capabilities of carbon atoms is correct?
a. Single bond formation to another atom is possible.
b. Double bond formation to another atom is possible.
c. Triple bond formation to another atom is possible.
d. All of the above
Which of the following “bonding behaviors” is not possible for a
carbon atom?
a. formation of four single bonds
b. formation of two double bonds
c. formation of two triple bonds
d. no correct response
✓ Compound with only carbon and hydrogen
atoms.
✓ Thousands of hydrocarbons are known.
Hydrocarbons
✓ Compound with carbon and hydrogen atoms
and one or more additional elements such as O,
N, S, P, F, Cl, and Br.
✓ Millions of hydrocarbon derivatives are known.
Hydrocarbon derivative
✓ ALL carbon–carbon bonds are single bonds.
✓ Simplest type of organic compound.
Saturated hydrocarbon
✓ One or more carbon–carbon multiple bonds
(double bonds, triple bonds, or both) are present.
Unsaturated hydrocarbon
The term acyclic means
“not cyclic.”
Saturated hydrocarbon in which the carbon atom arrangement is acyclic.
Alkane
Molecular formula:
CnH2n+2
What is the general molecular formula for an alkane?
a. CnH2n
b. CnH2n−2
c. CnH2n+2
d. no correct response
c. CnH2n+2
How many hydrogen atoms are present in an alkane that contains seven atoms?
a. 16
b. 14
c. 12
d. no correct response
The four hydrogen atoms bonded to the central carbon atom in methane, CH4, lie at the corners of a _____________.
a. rectangle
b. square
c. tetrahedron
d. no correct response
✓ Two-dimensional structural
representation that shows how the
various atoms in a molecule are
bonded to each other
Structural formula
✓ A structural formula that shows all atoms in a
molecule and all bonds connecting the atoms
Expanded structural formula
✓ A structural formula that uses groupings of atoms, in which central atoms and the atoms connected to them are written as a group.
Condensed structural formula
✓ A structural formula that shows the
arrangement and bonding of carbon atoms
present but does not show the hydrogen atoms
attached to the carbon atoms.
Skeletal structural formula
The formula CH3-CH2-CH2-CH3 is an example of which of the following?
a. expanded structural formula
b. condensed structural formula
c. skeletal structural formula
d. no correct response
Which of the following is an incorrect structural representation for an
alkane that contains a chain of five carbon atoms?
a. C-C-C-C-C
b. CH3-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH3
c. CH3-(CH2)4-CH3
d. no correct response
The bond line in the structural formula CH3-CH3 denotes
_____________.
a. a carbon–hydrogen bond
b. a carbon–carbon bond
c. neither a carbon–hydrogen nor carbon–carbon bond
d. no correct response
Isomers are compounds that have _____________.
a. the same molecular formula but different structural formulas
b. the same structural formula but different molecular formulas
c. the same structural formula and the same molecular formula
d. no correct response
One of the two four-carbon alkane constitutional isomers has the
molecular formula C4H10. The molecular formula for the other isomer is
_____________.
a. C4H9
b. C4H10
c. C4H11
d. no correct response
Constitutional isomers become possible in alkanes only when the
number of carbon atoms present is ____________.
a. three or more
b. four or more
c. five or more
d. no correct response
How many of the three constitutional isomeric five-carbon alkanes are
branched-chain alkanes?
a. one
b. two
c. three
d. no correct response
Compounds that have the same molecular formula but that differ in the way the atoms are arranged.
Isomers
An alkane in which all carbon atoms are connected in a continuous non branching chain.
Continuous-chain alkane
Branched-chain alkane
An alkane in which one or more branches of carbon atoms are attached to a continuous chain of carbon atoms.
Branched-chain alkane
Constitutional Isomers
Isomers that differ in the connectivity of atoms, that is, in the order in which atoms are attached within molecules.
Constitutional Isomers
Specific three-dimensional arrangement of atoms that results from rotations of carbon–carbon single bonds.
Conformation
