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review Flashcards

1
Q

what are the functions of the skeletal system

A

support the body, protect the organs, movement, hemopoiesis, energy, and mineral reserves.

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2
Q

three types of cartilage

A

hyaline- fetal skeleton
elastic- pinna(outer ear), epiglottis
fibrocartilage- intervertebral disks, pubic symphysis

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3
Q

spongy bone

A

less dense bone made of trabeculae and forms inside of bones

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4
Q

compact bone

A

dense bone made of osteons. external layer of bone

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5
Q

osteoblasts

A

builds bone

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6
Q

osteoclasts

A

consumes bone

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7
Q

osteocytes

A

mature bone cells

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8
Q

endochondral ossification

A

bones begin as a hyaline cartilage model. bones replace the cartilage. most bones

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9
Q

intramembranous ossification

A

bone grows within a membrane. flat bones ex. maxillae, zygomatic, mandible, and center of clavicle

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10
Q

epiphyseal plate

A

holds growth plate cartilage

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11
Q

pectoral girdle

A

the scapula and clavicle

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12
Q

bones of upper limb

A

pectoral girdle, humerus, radius, ulna, carpals, metacarpals, phalanges.

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13
Q

tibia v fibula

A

tibia is larger and more medial

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14
Q

types of joints

A

fibrous- sutures in the skull
cartilaginous- pubic symphysis
synovial- joints of limbs

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15
Q

synchondosis

A

cartilaginous joint where bones are joined together by hyaline cartilage

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16
Q

symphysis

A

where bones are joined by fibrocartilage forming an immovable joint

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17
Q

plane joint

A

gliding ex tarsals carpal

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18
Q

hinge

A

flexion and extension ex elbow joint

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18
Q

pivot joint

A

rotation ex proximal radioulnar joint

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19
Q

condylar joint

A

flexion, extension, abduction, adduction ex metacarpophalangeal joint

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20
Q

ball and socket joint

A

flexion, extention, adduction, abduction, and rotation

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21
Q

knee bones and ligaments

A

patella, femur, tibia; lateral and medial collateral ligament, anterior and posterior cruciate ligament

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22
Q

temporomandibular joint bones

A

mandible and temporal.

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23
Q

bones and ligaments of the elbow

A

humerus, ulna, and radius, annular ligament, radial collateral ligament

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24
Q

coxal joint bones

A

femur and os coxae

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25
Q

glenohumeral joint

A

scapula, humerus

25
Q

three types of muscle tissue

A

cardiac- striated w/ intercalated disks. involuntary
smooth- not striated involuntary
skeletal- voluntary, striated

26
Q

functions of skeletal muscles

A

produce movement, maintain posture, support, generate heat, storage and movement of materials.

27
Q

properties of skeletal muscle

A

contractility (cells can shorten), excitability, extensibility, elasticity

28
Q

layers of connective found in muscle

A

epimysium- surrounds entire muscle most superficial
perimysium- surrounds each fascicle
endomysium- surrounds fibers within fasicle deepest

29
Q

sarcomere

A

the smallest functional unit of striated muscle tissue

30
Q

convergent muscle

A

narrow insertion broad origin, latissimus dorsi

30
Q

circular muscle

A

orbicularis oculi

31
Q

parallel msucle

A

sternocleidomastoid

32
Q

pennate muscle

A

deltoid

33
Q

synergist

A

muscles with similar actions

34
Q

antagonistic

A

muscles with opposite actions

35
Q

functions of cranial bones

A

protect brain and provide attachment sites for some head and neck muscles

36
Q

facial bones functions

A

form framework for face, opening for food and air, hold the teeth, anchor muscles of the face.

37
Q

cranial bones

A

frontal, occipital, sphenoid, ethmoid, 2 parietals, and 2 temporals

38
Q

cranial sutures

A

sagittal suture, coronal suture, squamous suture, lambdoid suture,

39
Q

facial bones

A

mandible, vomer, 2 nasals, 2 lacrimals , 2 maxillae, 2 zygomatic, 2 palatine, 2 inferior nasal conchae

40
Q

orbital bones

A

frontal, sphenoid, zygomatic, maxilla, palatine, lacrimal, ethmoid bones

41
Q

function of thoracic cage

A

protects heart, lungs, and other organs, support pectoral girdle and provides attachment points.

42
Q

floating ribs

A

last two ribs 11-12

43
Q

true ribs

A

attach to sternum by costal cartilage, 1-7

43
Q

what parts of the ribs articulate with the vertebrae

A

the tubercle and head

44
Q

false ribs

A

ribs that dont directly connect to sternum, 8-10

44
Q

landmarks of the strenum

A

xiphoid process, body, manubrium, sternal angle, jugular notch

45
Q

why is surface anatomy important

A

connecting outside appearance with the deep structures of the body is important for diagnosis of diseases and disorders

46
Q

cubital fossa

A

common location for blood drawing. located on inside of the elbow. contains median cubital vein

46
Q

surface anatomy examination

A
  1. visual inspection 2. percussion 3. palpation 4. auscultation
47
Q

where is radial pulse taken

A

the anatomical snuffbox. distal to radial styloid process

48
Q

the gluteal region and its use

A

used for intramuscular injections upper lateral quad

49
Q

femoral triangle use

A

catheter insertion, helps stop bleeding in the lower leg. borders inguinal ligament superiorly, sartorius muscle laterally, adductor longus medially

50
Q

triangle of auscultation and its borders

A

the location used to hear respiratory sounds; trapezius, rhomboid major, latissimus dorsi

51
Q

craniosynostosis

A

premature fusion of the skull bones

52
Q

scoliosis

A

lateral curvature of the spine

53
Q

kyphosis

A

excessive curvature of the thoracic spine

54
Q

osteoporosis

A

bone mineral density and bone mass decrease due to an imbalance in the normal bone building and degradation cycle.

54
Q

lordosis

A

excessive curvature of the lumbar spine. due to larger front load

55
Q

compartment syndrome

A

the damaged muscle surrounding fascia swell and constricts putting pressure on vessels and nerves. also prevents blood from entering or leaving. acute- can lead to tissure loss chronic- caused by overuse

56
Q

fractures in humerus

A

common in surgical neck and midshaft spiral fractures

quizlet (3 decks)

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