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Review Flashcards

1
Q

Sagittal Vs frontal Plane

A

Middle Left to Right
Vs
Middle Front to Back

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2
Q

Positive Ions

A

Cations:

Sodium, potassium, calcium

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3
Q

Negative Ions

A

Anions:

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4
Q

Isotonic vs hypertonic vs hypotonic
Solutions

A

ISO: same osmotic pressure as bodily fluids, retains its normal shape/no net gain/loss of water

Hyper: higher osmotic pressure than bodily fluids, cells lose water & cremate (shrink)

Hypo: lower osmotic pressure than fluids, cell swells quickly (hemolysis)

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5
Q

What are lactated ringers considered

A
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6
Q

What is normal saline considered

A
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7
Q

Osmosis

A

Water molecules diffuse from area of higher water concentration to lower

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8
Q

Diffusion

A

Process by which substances spontaneously move from regions of higher concentrations to lower (influenced by kinetic energy)

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9
Q

Facilitated diffusion

A

Some substances cannot pass through the lipid bi-layer of cell membrane requiring proteins to assist (still higher > lower)

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10
Q

3 functions of Golgi Apparatus

A
  1. Modifying & packaging secretions (hormones/enzymes) released via exocytosis
  2. Packaging special enzymes inside vesicles for use in cytosol
  3. Renewing or modifying cell membrane
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11
Q

Antibodies:
What are they and what do they do

A

Proteins that detect & destroy foreign substances

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12
Q

Inflammation:
What is it & what initiates it

A
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13
Q

Merocrine sweat glands

A
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14
Q

Skeletal system function/s

A
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15
Q

Most abundant mineral in body

A
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16
Q

Calcium function & importance

A
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17
Q

Sodium function & importance

A
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18
Q

Potassium function & importance

A
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19
Q

Afferent vs efferent

A
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20
Q

Depolarization vs Repolarization

A
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21
Q

Dermatomes:
What are they & function

A
22
Q

What type of receptors are in the parasympathetic NS

A
23
Q

What is adaptation

A
24
Q

What is equilibrium

A
25
Q

Hypothalamus:
What does it control,
What does it do,
Where is it located

A
26
Q

ADH

A
27
Q

Diabetes Insipidus vs
Mellitus

A
28
Q

Aldosterone:
What is it & what does it do

A
29
Q

Permissive effect

A
30
Q

Hemophilia & factor 8

A
31
Q

What conveys electrical impulses from the heart

A
32
Q

Stroke volume

A

The volume of blood discharged from the ventricle w/ each contraction.

SV= EDV - ESV

Difference from End-Diastolic Volume (amount of blood that collects in a ventricle during diastole)
&
End-Systolic Volume
(amount of blood that remains in a ventricle after it has already contracted)

Average: EDV= 120mL ESV= 50mL

SV= 70mL

33
Q

Cardiac output

A

The volume discharged from the ventricle per minute

HR x SV = CO (Liters per Minute)

34
Q

Atherosclerosis vs
Arteriosclerosis

A

Plaque build up in inner walls
Vs
Stiffening of arteries

35
Q

What affects Tissue perfusion

A

Cardiac output
Peripheral resistance
BP

36
Q

What is shock

A

Hypoperfusion

37
Q

What is Lymphadenopathy

A

Chronic or excessive lymph node enlargement

38
Q

B cells

A

Activated by T cells, they are lymphocytes responsible for humoral immunity, which is a specific mechanism that involves the production of antibodies. Activated B cells differentiate into plasma cells which are specialized to secrete antibodies

39
Q

T cells

A

Lymphocytes that are responsible for cell mediated immunity & activate B cells. They act directly against tumor cells & virus infected cells

40
Q

Interferons

A

Small proteins that bind to un infected cells and stimulate them to make protective proteins. They are secreted by infected cells & diffuse to nearby cells, stimulating protein synthesis that interferes w/ viral replication. They block viral RNA from synthesizing proteins & also degrade the viral RNA itself

41
Q

Why do autoimmune disorders develop

A
42
Q

What is Residual Volume

A

Air remaining in lungs after forced expiration

Average:
Males= 1,200mL Females= 1,100mL

43
Q

Function of the Duodenum

A

Serves as a mixing area where absorption begins, it receives chyme from the stomach & digestive secretions from the pancreas & liver

44
Q

What are parietal cells & what do they secrete

A

Are secretory cells found mostly in the apical region of the stomach glands & are scattered among the Chief cells.
They secrete both Hydrochloric acid & the intrinsic factor glycoprotein

45
Q

Types of Hepatitis

A

A & E= contaminated food/water

B= contact w/ blood or bodily fluid of infected person

C= blood to blood contact

D= contact with infected blood (people w/ hep B)

46
Q

What is ATP & what does it do

A

Adenosine triphosphate

A nucleotide used as the source of energy for use and storage at the cellular level

47
Q

What lipoprotein removes cholesterol and sends it to the liver

A
48
Q

Convection vs conduction

A
49
Q

How does the body respond to the rise in body temperature

A
50
Q

What do filtration membranes do

A
51
Q

How does acidosis affect the body

A
52
Q

What does hypercapnia cause

A

Review (4 decks)

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