Chapter 15

Question 1

Anatomic dead space

Answer 1

The volume of the conducting airways from the external environment down to the terminal bronchioles

Question 2

Apneustic center

Answer 2

Group of neurons in the pons that has a stimulatory effect on the inspiration center

Question 3

Atelectasis

Answer 3

An abnormal condition characterized by the collapse of lung tissue. It prevents respiratory exchange of O2 & carbon dioxide

Question 4

Bohr effect

Answer 4

The property of hemoglobin by which an increasing concentration of protons &/or carbon dioxide reduces the O2 affinity for hemoglobin

Question 5

Boyle’s law

Answer 5

A gas law that states pressure & volume are inversely related, assuming a constant temperature

Question 6

Compliance

Answer 6

The ease in which lungs & thorax expand during pressure changes. The greater the compliance, the greater expansion

Question 7

Dalton’s law

Answer 7

The total pressure exerted by a mixture of gases is equal to the sum of the partial pressure of gases

Question 8

Expiratory reserve volume

Answer 8

The amount of gas that can be forcefully exhaled after expiration of the normal tidal volume

Question 9

External respiration

Answer 9

The transfer (diffusion) of O2 & carbon dioxide between the inspired air & pulmonary capillaries

Question 10

Fick principle

Answer 10

The assumption that the amount of 02
Delivered to an organ is equal to the amount of 02 consumed by that organ plus the amount of 02 carried away from that organ

This principle is used to determine cardiac output

Question 11

Henry’s law

Answer 11

A law stating that the constant temp, the amount of gas that dissolves in a liquid is directly proportional to the partial pressure of that gas in equilibrium w/ that liquid

Question 12

Hering-Breuer reflex

Answer 12

A reflex in which afferent impulses from stretch receptors in the lungs arrest inspiration. Expiration then occurs. Inflation & deflation reflexes are triggered to prevent overinflation of the lungs

Question 13

Hypoxemia

Answer 13

A lower than normal 02 content of the blood as measured in an arterial blood sample

Question 14

Inadvertent hyperventilation

Answer 14

Excessive ventilation that is thought to result in increased intrathoracic pressure & decreased coronary perfusion pressure; aka rescuer hyperventilation

Question 15

Inspiratory reserve volume

Answer 15

The maximum volume of air that can be inspired after inspiration of tidal volume

Question 16

Intrapulmonic pressure

Answer 16

The pressure of the gas in alveoli

Question 17

Intrathoraic pressure

Answer 17

The pressure in the pleural space; aka intrapleural pressure

Question 18

Minute volume

Answer 18

The amount of gas inhaled or exhaled in 1 minute. It is found by multiplying the tidal volume by the respiratory rate

Question 19

Pneumotaxic center

Answer 19

A group of neurons in the pons that have an inhibitory effects on the inspiratory center

Question 20

Positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP)

Answer 20

Airway support that maintains a degree of positive pressure at the end of exhalation

Question 21

Pressure gradient

Answer 21

The force produced by differences between atmospheric pressure, intrapulmonic pressure, & intrathoracic pressure

Question 22

Pressure support

Answer 22

A spontaneous mode of ventilation in which a ventilator delivers support w/ the preset pressure value for the pt’s own respiratory rate

Question 23

Pulsus paradoxus

Answer 23

An abnormal decrease in systolic bp in which it drops more than 10 to 15mm Hg during inspiration compared w/ expiration

Question 24

Residual volume

Answer 24

The volume of air remaining in the lungs after a max expiratory efforts

Question 25

Torr

Answer 25

A non-systeme international unit of pressure defined as 1 standard atmosphere divide by 760, or about 1 mm Hg

Question 26

Vallecula

Answer 26

A furrow between the glossoepiglottic folds on each side of the posterior oropharynx

Question 27

Ventilation/perfusion mismatch

Answer 27

Any condition leading to interference of airflow at the alveolar level or blood flow at the pulmonary capillary level