REVIEW Flashcards
Which modalities use radiation***
- Rad
- CT
- NucMed
XRAY
Good for:***
Bad for:
(2) Good for: bones and airspaces***
(3) Bad for: soft tissue and overlapping structures
Is bone darker or lighter than air/fat?***
lighter***
Which view?***
1) Object that is closer to the film has sharper borders
2) Chest is placed next to the film thereby placing most of the important structures,
such as heart and great vessels, closer to the film.
3) Heart size is minimally magnified and borders are sharp
PA***
MRI
Good for:
Bad for:***
(2) Good for: Soft tissue (nerves, muscles, connective tissue, brain, joints).
(3) Bad for: People who cannot hold still or have ferrous metal in the body***
US
Good for:***
Bad for:
(2) Good for: Determining fluid vs solids,*** abdominopelvic imaging (gallbladder, kidneys, uterus, testis), assessing blood flow (Doppler).
(3) Bad for: Things under bones (chest) and air filled chambers, deep things
6 Pre read criteria***
(1) Before you do anything else, you must confirm
(a) Image is from the correct patient
(b) Image is from the correct date
(c) Image is the correct body part
(d) Image is the correct type
(e) Image has the number of views expected
(f) Check to see if any comparison films exist
explain RIP***
(1) Rotation
(a) Look at the clavicles relative to the vertebral column
(b) They should be equally spaced
(c) If not properly aligned, structures will change in appearance which may mean
abnormal.
(2) Inspiration
(a) Look at the ribs
1) Should be able to count 9-10 ribs
2) Posterior ribs are easier to see (more horizontal and project from the spine)
(3) Penetration
(a) Should see the ribs through the heart
(b) Should barely see the spine through the heart
(c) Should see pulmonary vessel near the edges of the lungs (lungs should not be
completely black).
1) Over-penetrated film
a) Lung fields almost completely black
b) Suggests pneumothorax
2) Under-penetrated film
a) Soft tissue structures are obscured
b) Image appears bright suggesting consolidation (like a pneumonia).
What is ABCDE***
(a) A- Airways/Airspaces
(b) B- Bones/Soft Tissue
(c) C- Cardiac Shadow
(d) D- Diaphragm
(e) E- Everything else
which modality uses a single pulse of ionizing radiation ***
x ray
Five basic radiographic densities ***
(a) Air (Darkest)
(b) Fat (Less Dark)
(c) Fluid/Blood/Soft Tissue (Gray)
(d) Bone (White)
(e) Metal/Contrast (Most White)
X-rays are two- dimensional representation of a three-dimensional object.***
True
Oblique is normally used for***
Limbs
Three CT Views***
(a) Sagittal or Median
(b) Coronal
(c) Axial or Transverse or Cross-sectional
Which modality no exposure to ionizing radiation, but time consuming***
MRI
MR views are identical to___***
CT
Which modality uses no radiation, but can’t go very deep***
US
what does doppler do***
assess blood flow
How many ribs should you see and in what phase***
9-10
Inspiration phase
How do you know you have adequate penetration***
(a) Should see the ribs through the heart*
(b) Should barely see the spine through the heart*
(c) Should see pulmonary vessel near the edges of the lungs (lungs should not be
completely black).
How do you know if its over penetrated***
a) Lung fields almost completely black
b) Suggests pneumothorax
How do you know if its under penetrated***
a) Soft tissue structures are obscured
b) Image appears bright suggesting consolidation (like a pneumonia).
What do you look for in the A phase (airway/airspace)***
(a) Follow the trachea down
1) Is it midline?***
2) Is it patent?
(b) Look at the airspaces
1) Do the blood vessels go all the way to the edges?
2) Are there any patches of white suggesting infection, fluid, or foreign objects?
What do you look for in the C phase (cardiac silhouette)***
(a) The transverse diameter of the silhouette should NOT exceed 50% of the transverse diameter of the thoracic cage, called cardiothoracic ratio (only applies to PA film).***
1) AP films magnify the heart
2) Shallow inspiration makes the heart horizontal and larger
(b) Cardiac borders (moguls):
1) Upper right border: Superior vena cava
2) Lower right border: Right atrium
3) Left border (from the top):
a) Aortic arch
b) Pulmonary arteries
c) Left atrial appendage
d) Left ventricle
