Reversible Reactions & Equilibrium

Question 0

Conditions for manufacturing ammonia

Answer 0

• temperature: 450 degrees C
• pressure: 200 atm
• iron catalyst

Question 1

Raw materials of the haver process

Answer 1

• nitrogen from air

- hydrogen from hydrocarbon cracking or natural gas methane (CH4)

Question 2

Explain the effect of temperature on yield of ammonia

Answer 2

3H2+N2 2NH3+ heat.
The forward reaction is exothermic, which is the making of bonds, thus to make more bonds, less temperature is required and this gives out heat and a much higher ammonia yield.
The backward reaction is endothermic and it needs heat to break bonds. Increasing the temperature, decreases the time taken for the reaction but decreases the yield. Compromise temperature: 450 C

Question 3

How will ammonias yield be affected with a high pressure?

Answer 3

Higher pressure favors the forward reaction because the pressure of the left side is higher with 4 moles, tag equilibrium shifts to the right to reduce the left side pressure, producing more ammonia.
+ increasing the concentration is exactly the same as increasing pressure.

Question 4

What are the exothermic reaction types?

Answer 4

• combustion
• rusting of iron
• corrosion of metals
• acid alkali reactions
• respiration

Question 5

Types of endothermic reactions

Answer 5

• photosynthesis
• action of light on silver bromide in photographic film
• thermal decomposition