Reverse Genetics Flashcards
1
Q
To analyse a genes function we need to:
A
Disrupt or inactivate it. This could be done through inactivation by RNAi, mutations, or by depleting the gene product.
2
Q
Genetic Redundancy
A
When 2 genes have the same function. Both need to be disrupted in order to see a phenotype. These genes are often related to each other.
3
Q
Homolog
A
Genes that are related to each other by descent from a common ancestral gene.
4
Q
Paralog
A
Genes that are related by duplication within a genome. They may evolve new functions. Descended from a common ancestor.
5
Q
Ortholog
A
Genes in different species that evolved from a common ancestral gene by speciation.
6
Q
Methods of Reverse Genetics
A
- Recombination (e.g. via CRISPR-Cas9)
- RNAi
- Rapid depletion of proteins (e.g. Auxin induced degradation by ubiquitinylation)
- Protein inactivation by drugs (e.g. Aspirin, inhibits cyclooxygenase enzymes)
7
Q
Limitations of Reverse Genetics
A
- May not be an obvious phenotype to observe
- Phenotype may lead to embryonic fatality
- May be 2 genes for one function
- Phenotype may produce multiple effects from a single gene (pleiotropic)