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Reverse dates Flashcards

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1
Q

1348

A

The Black death; nearly 1/2 of UK die.
Cause; miasma, Jews, bright clothing, four humours, cats & dogs
Treatment; prayers, bleed/purge charms, other smells; flower masks and candles, flagellation

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2
Q

1543

A

Fabric of the human body
Vesalius; professor of surgery at Padua University; and Titian
Training manual and dissections included

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3
Q

1530s

A

Dissolution of the monastries; hospitals taken over by charities and local authorites.
Church weakens; dissecton

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4
Q

1628

A

An anatomical account of the motion of the heart and blood

Harvey; disproves bloodletting - ignored

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5
Q

1665

A

Great Plague; 100,000 die
Government realise it’s contagious; London mayor orders quarantine-month, searchers, no cats/dog/pigeons, rakers, burials sunset/rise.
Don’t know what causes it so relapse

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6
Q

1700s

A

46 new hospitals open
Warm, clean, food and bed, prayer, herbal remedies and bled
Some now admit infectious diseases

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7
Q

1721

A

Lady Mary Wortley Montagu innoculates her children

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8
Q

1796

A

Jenner gives James Phipps smallpox - natural immunity.

Tests on 23 others to verify

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9
Q

1798

A

Jenner pays for report to be published
RS refuse
Couldn’t explain, unnatural, Gillray, Drs lose patients and careless

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10
Q

1802

A

Jennerian society founded
Jenner awarded in recognition
J.S offers free vaccinations; 12,000 vaccinated

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11
Q

1831

A

Cholera - dehydration - kills thousands

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12
Q

1842

A

A report on the sanitary conditions of the labouring population
Edward Chadwick
Statistics about the poor; poor not to blame; need to act-rich should pay highr taxes
Believes in miasma

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13
Q

1848

A

1st Public Health act

Board of health (1854) but not compulsory

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14
Q

1852

A

Small pox vaccine made ‘compulsory’ government start to take more responsibility

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15
Q

1854

A

John Snow links cholera and dirty water; removes pump handle on Broad St.-no GT
Public Board of health disbanded
Crimean war; Nightingale reduces death rate from 40% - 2%

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16
Q

1855

A

Bazalgette draws up sewer plans; believes in miasma - wash away smells

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17
Q

1858

A

Great Stink; Parliament forced to move - something needs to be done; river pollution act and finance Bazalgette’s sewers
General Medical council; Drs registered

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18
Q

1861

A

Germ Theory - Louis Pasteur
Investigating wine; microbes in air
Know the cause; can prevent
Technology; microscope

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19
Q

1864

A

Factory act; unhealthy conditions illegal

20
Q

1866

A

Sanitary act; inspectors to monitor water and waste disposal

Bazalgette’s sewers complete

21
Q

1875

A

Public health act II; orced to supply clean water/public toilets/drains & sewerage

Artisan dwelling act; can buy & demonlish slums (Chamberlain Birmingham)

22
Q

1876

A

Koch discovers the anthrax microbe - specific bacteria

23
Q

1879

A

Chicken cholera vaccinations

24
Q

1882

A

Tuberculosis vaccination

25
Q

1884

A

Cholera vaccination - Koch

All working men get the vote; have to listen to get elected

26
Q

1885

A

Rabies vaccination; young boy bitten by dog - 13 injections

27
Q

1889

A

Life and labour of the people in London - Booth; recommends Gov. action; pensions
Boer War; 38% unfit to fit

28
Q

1901

A

Poverty; a study of town life -Rowntree; impact on health

29
Q

1906

A

First liberal social reform; school meals offered to poorer children

30
Q

1907

A

Liberal social reform; School medical service-nurses (expensive)

31
Q

1908

A

Pensions; elderly 70+

Not enough to buy basics

32
Q

1909

A

Back-back housing demolished; improve living conditions

Salvason 606-first chemical bullet, government funded research team (Erlich’s), Dr Hata reviews - syphillis

33
Q

1911

A

National Isurance act; 15 weeks sick pay and medical insurance
Only for workers - mothers

34
Q

1914

A

WW1 starts; catalyst

35
Q

1928

A

Fleming discovers penicillin - chemist - noticed mould killing bacteria culture in dirty petri dish researchs

36
Q

1929

A

Fleming publishes work

WSC meas there isn’t funding & uncharismatic

37
Q

1932

A

Prontosil - Domagk
Forced to test on dying daugther; cures blood poisoning
Active ingredient; sulohonamide isolated; pneumonia/scarlet fever/meningitis

38
Q

1938

A

Florey and Chain read Fleming’s work

Government funding to test on humans; grow in milk bottles and test on mice

39
Q

1941

A

Penicillin tested on patient; run out and he dies - difficulty of mass production

40
Q

1942

A

America in war and realise potential; give $80million; have the technology and factories - pfizer; ice cream freeze dry for mass production for D-day

Beveridge report; recommends creation of NHS - paid by NI from wages, and free. Drs&nurses employed by government

41
Q

1948

A

NHS founded; Aneurin Bevan
Inspirational speeches
Overcomes opposition-compromise; Doctors and public-lazy poor, councils lose control of hospitals
Training; 7 years and standardized
Tech; blood transfusions, X-rays,, radiotherapy, chemo, dialysis, CAT and MRI

42
Q

1851

A

Glasses and prescription costs introduced - costs soar

Rosalind Franklin photographs DNA with X-rays

43
Q

1853

A

Watson and Crick discover DNA structure; double helix

1862 - win nobel prize

44
Q

1980

A

Small pox eradicated, vaccination programs enforced by Govenment; HPV

45
Q

1934

A

Free milk available; fit and healthy population in interwar period, health clinics, slums cleared - WW2 imminent

46
Q

1986

A

Human Genome Project ends 2001 - 18 countries;
maps out purpose of every gene in the body; identify those which cause hereditary disease
Genetic screening; prenatal
Stem cells; embryos; potential
Gene therapy; insert ‘normal’ genes; potential

History; Medicine (6 decks)

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