Reverse dates Flashcards
1348
The Black death; nearly 1/2 of UK die.
Cause; miasma, Jews, bright clothing, four humours, cats & dogs
Treatment; prayers, bleed/purge charms, other smells; flower masks and candles, flagellation
1543
Fabric of the human body
Vesalius; professor of surgery at Padua University; and Titian
Training manual and dissections included
1530s
Dissolution of the monastries; hospitals taken over by charities and local authorites.
Church weakens; dissecton
1628
An anatomical account of the motion of the heart and blood
Harvey; disproves bloodletting - ignored
1665
Great Plague; 100,000 die
Government realise it’s contagious; London mayor orders quarantine-month, searchers, no cats/dog/pigeons, rakers, burials sunset/rise.
Don’t know what causes it so relapse
1700s
46 new hospitals open
Warm, clean, food and bed, prayer, herbal remedies and bled
Some now admit infectious diseases
1721
Lady Mary Wortley Montagu innoculates her children
1796
Jenner gives James Phipps smallpox - natural immunity.
Tests on 23 others to verify
1798
Jenner pays for report to be published
RS refuse
Couldn’t explain, unnatural, Gillray, Drs lose patients and careless
1802
Jennerian society founded
Jenner awarded in recognition
J.S offers free vaccinations; 12,000 vaccinated
1831
Cholera - dehydration - kills thousands
1842
A report on the sanitary conditions of the labouring population
Edward Chadwick
Statistics about the poor; poor not to blame; need to act-rich should pay highr taxes
Believes in miasma
1848
1st Public Health act
Board of health (1854) but not compulsory
1852
Small pox vaccine made ‘compulsory’ government start to take more responsibility
1854
John Snow links cholera and dirty water; removes pump handle on Broad St.-no GT
Public Board of health disbanded
Crimean war; Nightingale reduces death rate from 40% - 2%
1855
Bazalgette draws up sewer plans; believes in miasma - wash away smells
1858
Great Stink; Parliament forced to move - something needs to be done; river pollution act and finance Bazalgette’s sewers
General Medical council; Drs registered
1861
Germ Theory - Louis Pasteur
Investigating wine; microbes in air
Know the cause; can prevent
Technology; microscope
1864
Factory act; unhealthy conditions illegal
1866
Sanitary act; inspectors to monitor water and waste disposal
Bazalgette’s sewers complete
1875
Public health act II; orced to supply clean water/public toilets/drains & sewerage
Artisan dwelling act; can buy & demonlish slums (Chamberlain Birmingham)
1876
Koch discovers the anthrax microbe - specific bacteria
1879
Chicken cholera vaccinations
1882
Tuberculosis vaccination
1884
Cholera vaccination - Koch
All working men get the vote; have to listen to get elected
1885
Rabies vaccination; young boy bitten by dog - 13 injections
1889
Life and labour of the people in London - Booth; recommends Gov. action; pensions
Boer War; 38% unfit to fit
1901
Poverty; a study of town life -Rowntree; impact on health
1906
First liberal social reform; school meals offered to poorer children
1907
Liberal social reform; School medical service-nurses (expensive)
1908
Pensions; elderly 70+
Not enough to buy basics
1909
Back-back housing demolished; improve living conditions
Salvason 606-first chemical bullet, government funded research team (Erlich’s), Dr Hata reviews - syphillis
1911
National Isurance act; 15 weeks sick pay and medical insurance
Only for workers - mothers
1914
WW1 starts; catalyst
1928
Fleming discovers penicillin - chemist - noticed mould killing bacteria culture in dirty petri dish researchs
1929
Fleming publishes work
WSC meas there isn’t funding & uncharismatic
1932
Prontosil - Domagk
Forced to test on dying daugther; cures blood poisoning
Active ingredient; sulohonamide isolated; pneumonia/scarlet fever/meningitis
1938
Florey and Chain read Fleming’s work
Government funding to test on humans; grow in milk bottles and test on mice
1941
Penicillin tested on patient; run out and he dies - difficulty of mass production
1942
America in war and realise potential; give $80million; have the technology and factories - pfizer; ice cream freeze dry for mass production for D-day
Beveridge report; recommends creation of NHS - paid by NI from wages, and free. Drs&nurses employed by government
1948
NHS founded; Aneurin Bevan
Inspirational speeches
Overcomes opposition-compromise; Doctors and public-lazy poor, councils lose control of hospitals
Training; 7 years and standardized
Tech; blood transfusions, X-rays,, radiotherapy, chemo, dialysis, CAT and MRI
1851
Glasses and prescription costs introduced - costs soar
Rosalind Franklin photographs DNA with X-rays
1853
Watson and Crick discover DNA structure; double helix
1862 - win nobel prize
1980
Small pox eradicated, vaccination programs enforced by Govenment; HPV
1934
Free milk available; fit and healthy population in interwar period, health clinics, slums cleared - WW2 imminent
1986
Human Genome Project ends 2001 - 18 countries;
maps out purpose of every gene in the body; identify those which cause hereditary disease
Genetic screening; prenatal
Stem cells; embryos; potential
Gene therapy; insert ‘normal’ genes; potential
