Rev Flashcards
What is the name for the process of male and female
gametes fusing together?
fertilisation
Which type of reproduction uses mitosis?
Asexual
reproduction
What is an allele and give an example of a human
allele?
Alleles are different versions of the same gene. for eye colour has an allele for blue eye colour and an allele for brown eye colour
Name the 2 animal gametes and 2 plant gametes
Animal - Sperm and
egg. Plant - pollen
and eggs
Which type of reproduction fuses genetic information
from male and female gametes?
sexual
reproduction
How many chromosomes does a normal human cell
have?
23 pairs, 46
What is a heterozygous genotype, give an example?
two different
alleles of a gene.
eg. Bb or Aa
What the genotype for someone with blue (b) eyes if
their parents had brown eyes (B)?
Bb
What is the phenotype for someone with blue (b) eyes
if their parents had brown eyes (B)?
Phenotype is blue
eyes
List 2 inherited disorders and say if each is dominant or
recessive
Cycstic fibrosis -
recessive.
Polydactyly -
Dominant
What is the name of a small piece of DNA in a
chromosome?
gene
What do we call the process of choosing parents with
desired characteristics so that their offspring will have
similar characteristics?
Selective breeding
Give 1 possible use of genetic engineering in medicine.
Mass production of
insulin
Give 1 problem with inbreeding caused by selective
breeding?
Loss of alleles from
the gene pool =
less variation
What do we call a slight change in DNA code?
Mutation
What the phenotype for someone with blue (b) eyes if
their parents had brown eyes (B)?
Bb
What do we call the process of modifying the genome
of one organism by adding a gene from another?
Genetic
modification /
genetic engineering
List 2 plant characteristics which we have promoted through selective breeding?
Wheat plants that produce more
grain, disease
resistance
List 2 animal characteristics which we have promoted
through selective breeding?
Chickens that lay
large eggs, Cows
that produce lots of
milk
What can new predators, new diseases, new
competition for food and changes in environment all
lead to?
Extinction
Why is it a problem that some bacteria are resistant to
antibiotics?
Infections become harder to treat/impossible to treat. Higher mortality
Why are there so few fossils?
many early forms of life were soft- bodied, which means that they have left few traces behind
What theory do fossil records, antibiotic resistance in
bacteria and an understanding of genetics all support?
Evolution
List the 7 categories in the correct order, of in the
Linnaean system
Kingdom, Phylum,
Class, Order,
Family, Genus,
Species
What is the name for the diagram used to show how
we think organisms are related?
phylogenetic tree
