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DIT Rheumatology And Dermatology > Reu 0 > Flashcards

Reu 0 Flashcards

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1
Q

What drug categories does the ending -azine belong?

A

Phenothiazine neuroleptics (antiemetics).

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2
Q

What drug categories does the ending -tidine belong?

A

-tidine: H2 antagonist (cimetidine, ranitidine, famotidine).

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3
Q

What drug categories does the ending -tropin belong?

A

-tropin: pituitary hormones.

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4
Q

What drug categories does the ending -Chol belong?

A

-chol: cholinergic agonists.

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5
Q

What drug categories does the ending -bendazole belong?

A

-bendazole: antiparasitics (mebendazole, albendazole).

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6
Q

Which alpha adrenergic antagonists are used in pheocromocytoma?

A

Phenoxybenzamine or phentolamine.

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7
Q

Why do the kidneys retain fluid in heart failure patients?

A

-Renal hypoperfusion leads to activation of RAAS (renin-angiotensin aldosterone system): JG appartus detects low perfusion, secreting renin, renin converts angiotensinogen to angiotensin 1, and ACE converts angiotensin 1 to angiotensin 2, angiotensin 2 signals adrenals to secrete aldosterone. And aldosterone signals the kidneys to reabsorb Na+ and H2O.

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8
Q

What are 5 drugs that inhibit acetylcholinesterase and what are the clinical applications for each?

A
  1. Echothiophate: glaucoma.
  2. Edrophonium: diagnose myasthenia gravis (MG).
  3. Neostigmine: MG, ileus, urinary retention.
  4. Pyridostigmine: MG.
  5. Physostigmine: glaucoma.
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9
Q

When placing a venous femoral catheter while palpating the pulsatile femoral artery, where is the femoral catheter in relation to the artery?

A

You palpate the artery, and then insert the catheter medial to the pulse so you can get the femoral vein. Lateral to the pulse is the femoral nerve (don’t touch it).

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10
Q

What are the different mechanisms by which heart contractility can be increased?

A
  1. Catecholamines: anxiety, exercise, stress, catecholamine infusion.
  2. Increase in intracellular calcium.
  3. Decrease in extracellular sodium.
  4. Digoxin (causes increase in intracellular calcium, decrease in extracellular sodium).
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11
Q

What drug category do -azepam belong?

A

Benzodiazepines (like diazepam).

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12
Q

What drug category does -conazole belong?

A

Antifungals.

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13
Q

What drug category does -triptyline belong?

A

Tricyclic antidepressants.

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14
Q

What drug category does -zosin belong?

A

Alpha1 antagonists.

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15
Q

What drug category does -stigmine belong?

A

Anticholinesterase drugs.

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16
Q

What drug category does -dipine belong?

A

Dihydropyridine calcium channel blockers.

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17
Q

What are the side effects of amiodarone?

A

Pulmonary fibrosis, hepatotoxicity, Hypo or hyperthyroidism, corneal deposits, photosensitivity, neurologic effects, constipation, cardiovascular effects.

-You have to monitor PFTs, LFTs, TFTs.

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18
Q

How does increasing the diameter of a vessel by two times affect the resistance of that vessel?

A

Resistance is inversely proportional to radius^4. [R=1/(radius^4)]
So if we increase the diameter by 2: (resistance = 1/(2 x radius)^4. This ends up decreasing resistance by factor of 16.

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19
Q

What effect will a noncompetitive antagonist have on Vmax and Km?

A

Will decrease Vmax but will not change Km.

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20
Q

What effect will a competitive antagonist have on efficacy and potency?

A

Shifting the curve to the right, increasing Km, therefore decreasing potency. No change in efficacy.

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21
Q

An 80-year old man presents with systolic crescendo-decrescendo murmur. What is the most likely cause?

A

Aortic stenosis.

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22
Q

What is the competitive antagonists used in cases of benzodiazepine overdose?

A

Flumazenil.

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23
Q

What are three direct cholinergic agonists?

A

Carbochol, bethanecol, pilocarpine.

24
Q

Name six cholinergic antagonists.

A

Atropine, ipatropium, scopolamine, benztropine, oxybutynin, glycopyrrolate.

25
Q

What sympathomimetic is an alpha1, alpha2, beta1, and beta2, agonist?

A

Epinephrine.

26
Q

What sympathomimetic is an alpha1, alpha2, beta1, agonist?

A

Norepinephrine.

27
Q

What sympathomimetic is an D1=D2 > beta1 > alpha1 agonist?

A

Dopamine.

28
Q

What sympathomimetic is a beta1 = beta2 agonist?

A

Isoproterenol.

29
Q

What sympathomimetic is a beta2 > beta1 agonist?

A

Terbutaline.

30
Q

What sympathomimetic is an alpha1 > alpha2 agonist?

A

Phenylephrine.

31
Q

Name four indirect cholinergic agonists (anti-acetylcholinesterase).

A

Neostigmine, echothiophate, donepezil, edrophonium.

32
Q

Name a cholinesterase regenerator.

A

Pralidoxime.

33
Q

Name 3 alpha1-adrenergic antagonists (alpha1 blockers).

A

Terazosin, prazosin, doxazosin.

34
Q

Name two nonselective alpha antagonists.

A

Phenoxybenzamine, phentolamine.

35
Q

Name 3 nonselective beta-adrenergic antagonists.

A

Propanolol, timolol, labetalol (beta > alpha blocker).

36
Q

Name 3 beta1 adrenergic antagonists.

A

Atenolol, esmolol, metoprolol.

37
Q

What is the mechanism of action of bisphosphonates?

A

Inhibits osteoclasts.

38
Q

What bone disorder results from excess PTH?

A

Osteitis fibrosa cystica (von Recklinghausen disease of the bone).

39
Q

What are the clinical use of the antimuscarinic drug,Ipatropium?

A

COPD, Asthma.

40
Q

What are the clinical use of the antimuscarinic drugs atropine, homatropine, and tropicamide?

A

Dilate the pupils (mydriasis), cycloplegia.

41
Q

What are the clinical use of the antimuscarinic drug, benztropine?

A

Parkinson disease.

42
Q

What are the clinical use of the antimuscarinic drug, Scopolamine?

A

Motion sickness and decrease secretion.

43
Q

Which receptors use a Gs protein?

A

Beta1, beta2, V2 (vasopressin 2), H2, and D1.

44
Q

How does the drug dose response curve change with the addition of a competitive antagonist compared to a noncompetitive antagonists?

A

Competitive antagonist: It shifts the curve to the right, increasing Km, which decreases potency.
Noncompetitive antagonist: It shifts the curve down, decreasing Vmax, decreasing efficacy but potency doesn’t change.

45
Q

What are the risk factors for osteosporosis?

A

Older age, smoking, steroid use, chronic heparin use, white or asian, thin, not exercising, poor calcium and vit D intake, low testosterone or low estrogen.

46
Q

What are the normal blood pressures in the right ventricle?

A

25/5 mmHg.

47
Q

What is the normal blood pressure in the left ventricle?

A

130/10 mmHg.

48
Q

What medication inhibits the cellular sodium-potassium ATPase? What is the clinical application?

A

Digoxin (digitalis).

Used in CHF, sometimes for atrial fibrillation.

49
Q

Which primary bone tumor is The most common malignant primary bone tumor of children?

A

Osteosarcoma.

50
Q

Which primary bone tumor is Most common benign bone tumor?

A

Osteochondroma.

51
Q

Which primary bone tumor is Associated with 11;22 translocation?

A

Ewing sarcoma.

52
Q

Which primary bone tumor is Associated with soap-bubble appearance on x-ray?

A

[CL for clean]

Osteoclastoma.

53
Q

Which primary bone tumor is Associated with onion-skin appearance of bone?

A

Ewing sarcoma.

54
Q

Which primary bone tumor is Codman’s triangle on x-ray?

A

[S for suburst appearance and C for codman’s triangle]

Osteosarcoma.

55
Q

What drug categories does the ending -ane belong?

A

-ane: inhaled anesthetics (halothane).

DIT Rheumatology And Dermatology (7 decks)

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