Retroviruses

Question 1

Retrovirus characteristics

Answer 1

Question 2

Medically relevant retroviruses

Answer 2

Question 3

Retrovirus genes

Answer 3

Question 4

Genetic variation in Retroviruses

Answer 4

Question 5

HIV infx:

Attachment

Provirus formation

Answer 5

Question 6

HIV infx:

Genome replication

Assembly

Answer 6

Question 7

HIV pathogenesis

Answer 7

Question 8

HIV clinical course

Graph

Answer 8

Question 9

AIDS indicator diseases

Answer 9

Question 10

HIV diagnosis

Answer 10

Question 11

HIV treatment

Answer 11

Initiated when CD4 T cells < 500

AZT/AZT + lamivudine (prevents transplacental transmission)

HAART (reduces viral loads/morbidity)

1–2 protease inhibitors + 2 nucleotide

reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NRTI)

2 NRTI + 1 non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor

Question 12

Human T lymphotropic virus type 1

Pathogenesis

Answer 12

Question 13

Human T lymphotropic virus type 1

Clinical manifestation

Answer 13

Adult T cell leukemia/lymphoma (ATLL): circulating malignant cells (“flowers”), bone lesions, lymphadenopathy, hypercalcemia, skin rash (Sézary syndrome-like)

Acute: lethal within 1 year

Chronic: similar to non-Hodgkin lymphoma