Retroperitoneum Flashcards
what are crura
parts of diaphragm arising from vertebrae
what does the median arcuate ligament lie over
aorta
what does the medial arcuate ligament lie over
psoas major
what does the lateral arcuate ligament lie over
quadratus lumborum
Quadratum Lumborum: O, I, Fx, N
O: 12th rib, transverse processes of L. vertebrae
I: iliac crest
N: lumbar plexus
Fx: flexes spine laterally, stabilizes 12th rib (during respiration or straining)
What is the most powerful hip flexor?
Iliacus/Iliopsoas
blood supply to thoracic surface of diaphragm
pericardiophrenic artery and musculophrenic artery (both branches of the internal thoracic artery)
blood supply to abdominal surface of diaphragm
R and L inferior phrenic arteries (from the aorta directly)
motor innervation of central diaphragm
Phrenic nerve
sensory innervation of central diaphragm
phrenic nerve (C3, 4, 5)
sensory innervation of peripheral diaphragm
segmental intercostal nerves (T6-12)
renal hilum
place on medial side of kidney where arteries, veins, nerves and lymphatics enter and leave
renal sinus
fat-filled concavity on medial border of hilum
renal cortex
outer 1/3 or renal substance
renal medulla
composed of all of the renal pyramids
renal colums
cortex (cortical substance) that extends between the renal pyramid into the medulla
renal papillae
part of the renal pyramids (rounded) that projects into the minor calyyx where they discharge urine
minor calyces
part of the renal pelvis; each receives a renal papillae
major calyces
where 2 or 3 minor calyces come together
renal pelvis
where all of the major calyces come together; funnel-shaped area near the hilum; tapers to form the ureter
vertebral location of kidneys
T12-L3
blood supply to kidneys
renal arteries
origin of renal arteries
aorta, laterally at L1, just inferior to SMA
order of structures at hilum (anterior to posterior)
renal veins, renal arteries, renal pelvis (which drain to ureters); the right renal artery passes posterior to the IVC
venous drainage of kidneys
renal veins
drainage and path of left renal vein
drains into IVC: passes anterior to aorta, in angle between aorta and SMA
drainage and path of right renal vein
drains into IVC; lies behind the descending portion of duodenum
branches of renal arteries
4 anterior branches, 1 posterior branch (in general)
these are END ARTERIES – they do not anastomose
embryologic origin of adrenal cortex
mesoderm
embryologic origin of adrenal medulla
neural crest cells
function of adrenal cortex
secretes corticosteroids
function of adrenal medulla
secretes catecholamines (epinephrine and norepinephrine)
blood supply to the adrenal gland
superior, middle, inferior suprarenal arteries
origin of superior suprarenal artery
inferior phrenic artery (supplies abdominal surface of diaphragm, from aorta)
origin of middle suprarenal artery
aorta
origin of inferior suprarenal artery
renal artery (goes to kidneys, from aorta)
venous drainage of adrenal glands
left and right suprarenal veins
left suprarenal vein drains into the ______
left renal vein (and then the IVC)
right suprarenal vein drains into the ______
IVC (directly)
does the ureter pass anteriorly or posteriorly to the bifurcation of the common iliac vessels
anteriorly
sites of ureteral constriction (going towards bladder)
- ureteropelvic (UP) junction: jxn between ureter and renal pelvic
- pelvic brim: where ureter passes over common iliac vessesls
- ureterovesical (UV) junction: jxn between ureter and bladder
aorta bifurcates into the ___________ and verterbral level __________
common iliac arteries
T12
How many branches are there from the abdominal aorta (and # of visceral and parietal branches)
9 branches; 6 visceral, 3 parietal
Ventral Branches of abdominal aorta are:
all visceral
- celiac
- SMA
- IMA
Celiac Trunk branches from the aorta at vertebral level ____
T12
Celiac Trunk provides blood to ___________
the abdominal foregut
Celiac trunk is a __________ branch of the abdominal aorta
ventral
the SMA branches from the aorta at vertebral level ____
L1
the IMA branches from the aorta at vertebral level ____
L3
SMA provides blood to ___________
the midgut
IMA provides blood to ___________
hindgut
SMA is a __________ branch of the abdominal aorta
ventral
IMA is a __________ branch of the abdominal aorta
ventral
There are ___ visceral and ____ parietal lateral branches of the abdominal aorta
3 visceral, 1 parietal
What are the lateral branches of the abdominal aorta
- inferior phrenic arteries (parietal)
- renal arteries (visceral)
- middle suprarenal arteries (visceral)
- ovarian/testicular (visceral)
Inferior phrenic arteries provide blood to ___________
the abdominal surface of the diaphragm; give off the suprarenal arteries
Renal arteries provide blood to the _______
kidneys
middle suprarenal arteries provide blood to the ________
adrenal glands
ovarian/testicular arteries provide blood to the ___________
gonads
Inferior phrenic arteries are ______ branches of the abdominal aorta
lateral
Renal arteries are _________ branches of the abdominal aorta
lateral
Ovarian/Testicular arteries are __________ branches of the abdominal aorta
lateral
middle suprarenal arteries are ________ branches of the abdominal aorta
lateral
superior to inferior lateral branches of the abdominal aorta
inferior phrenic arteries, middle suprarenal arteries
