Lungs

Question 1

superior thoracic aperature

Answer 1

opening along the plane of the first rib

apex of lung extends superior to this point

Question 2

mediastinum

Answer 2

central compartment of thoracic cavity

contains heart, great vessels

Question 3

borders of mediastinum

Answer 3

superior: superior thoracic aperture
inferior: diaphragm
lateral: pleural cavities and lungs
anterior: sternum
posterior: thoracic vertebrae

Question 4

pleura

where 2 layers are continuous

Answer 4

serous membrane that lines pulmonary cavities and forms outer surface of lung
2 layers = visceral and parietal pleura
– come together at hilum of lung

Question 5

visceral pleura

Answer 5

on surface of lung

Question 6

parietal pleura

subdivisions

Answer 6

lines pulmonary cavities

subdivided by structures it contacts: costal,diaphragmatic

Question 7

pleural cavity

Answer 7

space between parietal and visceral pleura

contains small amount of serous fluid

Question 8

pleural reflection

Answer 8

where parietal pleura reflects from one structure to another (eg from chest wall to diaphragm)

Question 9

pleural recess

Answer 9

where two parietal pleural surfaces are in contact directly with eachother (no lung tissue present) such as between chest wall and diaphragm laterally and inferior to lung

Question 10

lobes (of lung)

Left and Right

Answer 10

divisions of lung: upper and lower
Left = 2
Right = 3 + middle

Question 11

upper lobe location

Answer 11

superior and anterior

Question 12

lower lobe location

Answer 12

inferior and posterior

Question 13

middle lobe

Answer 13

lateral and anterior

Question 14

oblique fissure

Answer 14

found on both lungs
Left: between upper and lower lobe
Right: separates upper and middle lobes from lower lobes

Question 15

horizontal fissure

Answer 15

only found in right lung

separates upper lobe from middle lobe

Question 16

apex of lung

Answer 16

superior end of the lung

extends superior to the clavicle/superior thoracic aperture

Question 17

surface projection of lung (rib level)

Answer 17

mid-clavicular: 6
mid-axillary: 8
mid-scapular: 10

Question 18

pleural lines (rib level)

Answer 18

mid-clavicular: 8
mid-axillary: 10
mid-scapular: 12

Question 19

trachea

Answer 19

windpipe
C-shaped cartilage rings, smooth muscle, connective tissues
divides into 2 primary/main bronchi

Question 20

main (primary) bronchi

Answer 20

division of trachea
2 = 1 for each lung
enters lung at the hilum

Question 21

carina

Answer 21

ridge in trachea where bifurcation occurs

Question 22

geometry of left versus right primary bronchi

Answer 22

right main bronchus = more vertical (more likely for foreign objects to lodge here)
left main bronchus = more horizontal

Question 23

location of trachea bifurcation

Answer 23

T4/T5 intervertebral disc and sternal angle

Question 24

intermediate bronchus

Answer 24

short segment of right main bronchus after branching of upper lobe bronchus, before branching of lower and middle lobe bronchus

Question 25

secondary bronchi

Answer 25

aka lobar bronchi
branches of primary bronchi to each lobe
occurs after hilum

Question 26

tertiary bronchi

Answer 26

aka segmental bronchi

branches of lobar bronchi for each pulmonary segment

Question 27

pulmonary arteries

where in lungs?

Answer 27

pulmonary trunk –> R + L pulmonary arteries
carry deoxy blood from RV –> lungs
branches of PAs travel with bronchi into each lung segment

Question 28

pulmonary veins

where in lungs?

Answer 28

4 veins
carry oxy blood from lunch –> LA
travel between lung segments, receive blood from both adjacent segments

Question 29

bronchial arteries

Answer 29

supply bronchial tree and lunch with oxygenated blood

Question 30

arterial blood supply –> lungs/bronchial tree

Answer 30

bronchial arteries (usually branches of thoracic aorta or intercostal arteries)