Retrival Failure

Question 1

Encoding Specificity Principle

Answer 1

Endel Tulving + Donald Thomson

Question 2

Endel Tulving And Donald Thomson 1973

Answer 2

Memory most effective if info present at encoding is also available at time of retrieval

Question 3

Context Dependent Forgetting

Answer 3

Ethel Abernethy
Godden and Baddeley

Question 4

Ethel Abernethy

Answer 4

4 experimental conditions
Some students tested in teaching room by usal instructor: Performed best
Others tested in different room same/different instructor
> Familiar things acted as memory cues

Question 5

Godden + Baddeley 1975

Answer 5

4 experimental conditions
Learn set of words on land/underwater
> Recall occurred when matched recall of environment

Question 6

State Dependent Forgetting

Answer 6

Mental state you are in
Goodwin et al

Question 7

Goodwin et al 1969

Answer 7

Ask male volunteers to remember list of words drunk/sober
24 hours after when sober
> Infomation learned when drunk is available when in same state later

Question 8

Lot of research support

Answer 8

Strength
E: Wealth of research evidence documented importance of retrieval cues on memory
E: Relevance to everyday memory experience

Question 9

Real-world application

Answer 9

Strength
Abernethy’s research: revise in same room you take exams (use imagination)
Smith: Just thinking of room you did original learning was effective as being in same room

Question 10

Retrieval cues do not always work

Answer 10

Limitation
E: Cues not very effective, learning related to more than cues
Smith and Vela: context effects largely eliminated when learning meaningful material
E: Explain some, they don’t explain everything