Retinoscopy and Tonometer Flashcards
Who is the father of retinoscopy
Ferdinand Cuignet
who identified the technique in principle of dynamic retinoscopy
AJ Cross
discovered the cylindrical lenses in retinoscopy
Alexander Duane
Father of streak retinoscopy
Jack Copeland
Types of reflecting mirror retinoscope
Plane Mirrorand Priesly-Smith Mirror Retinoscopy
Types of self illuminated retinoscope
Spot and Streak Retinoscope
An instrument used to illuminate the inside of the eye and observe the light that is reflected from the retina.
Retinoscope
An accurate objective method of measuring the refractive state of the eye.
RETINOSCOPY
uses plus lenses to neutralize
With motion
uses minus lenses to neutralize
Against motion
Purpose of Static Reti
Equipments used in static retinoscopy
Streak retinoscope
Loose trial lens
Fixation target: 20/400 E projected
Set up for Static Reti (8)
Step by step procedure of Static Reti
This test is performed at 20”from the patient and the patient is to observe a
fixation target in the plane of the retinoscope.
Dynamic Reti
Mohindra Indication:
Mohindra Purpose:
Mohindra Equipment:
Purpose of bell retinoscopy
Equipments used in bell retinoscopy
MEM purpose:
To objectively measure the accommodative response to the near working distance.
the first to invent an instrument to measure and record a quantitative value for eye pressure.
Albrecht von Graefe
3 types of Tonometry tests:
Non-contact Tonometry (air puff tonometry)
Applanation (Goldmann) Tonometry
Electronic Indentation Tonometry
is a diagnostic test that measures the pressure inside our eyes by flattening the cornea
Tonometry
The tonometer would eventually go through some advancement, with the first accurate device being the
Maklakoff tonometer
invented the “Schiøtz tonometer”, which is an indentation tonometer used to measure intraocular pressure.
Hjalmar August Schiøtz
The era of the most accurate IOP measurement to date
Goldmann applanation tono
consists of a curved footplate which is placed on the cornea of a supine subject.
Schiotz
Types of tonometers
1.Indentation Tonometers (contact)
2.Applanation Tonometers (contact)
3.Air-type Tonometers (non-contact)
split-image prism wherein the image of the tear meniscus is divided into a superior and inferior arc. designed for use with the Haag-Streit slit lamp.
Goldmann tonometry
split-image prism wherein the image of the tear meniscus is divided into a superior and inferior arc. designed for use with the Haag-Streit slit lamp.
Goldmann tonometry
