Retinoscopy

Question 1

whose is known as the father of retinoscopy? who was the first to measure refractive error using lenses?

Answer 1

F. Cuignet

H. Parent

Question 2

who designed the streak retinoscope?

Answer 2

spot rets were used in the early days then streak was invented by copeland.

Question 3

what are the two types of retinoscopy?

Answer 3

1. static: patient fixates on a distant target with accommodation relaxed and distance Rx is determined
2. Dynamic: patient fixates on a near target and the status of his accommodation is evaluated.
   WE STUDY STATIC

Question 4

For each of the following indicate where the far point is and how light reflects from the eye : emmetrope, hyperope, myope and astigmatism.

Answer 4

emmetrope: far point at infinity light goes in parallel and leaves eye parallel
hyperope: far point beyond infinity, light goes in parallel and leaves eye diverging (never focuses at a real point in space)
myope: far point at a real distant in space, light goes in parallel and leaves eye converging to a real point. point can be between you and patient, behind you or where you are.
astigmatism: far point is a conoid with two line foci, light coming out of eye doesnt focus at one point but two line foci.

Question 5

the higher the myope where is the far point? less myope?

Answer 5

higher myopia PR closer to eye, lesser myopia PR farther from eye.

Question 6

plane mirror is achieved when sleeve is? what type of light leaves scope?

Answer 6

sleeve is all the way down, diverging light leaves scope.

Question 7

at para stop position we have what type of light leaving scope?

Answer 7

parallel

Question 8

short concave mirror is achieved when sleeve is? what type of light leaves scope?

Answer 8

sleeve is up and converging light leaves scope and focuses between you and patient. (long concave mirror is converging light that focuses behind patient)

Question 9

with plane mirror the motion of light on the fundus is the same as? with short concave mirror what happens?

Answer 9

the motion of the streak on patients face.

motion of light is opposite to motion of streak.

Question 10

for plane mirror, with motion means what? against motion? neutrality?

Answer 10

reflex moves in same direction as the streak (PR is NOT between you and patient, therefore can be slight myope, hyperope or emmetrope)
reflex moves in opposite direction as streak (PR between you and patient, therefore myope)
reflex does NOT move, pupil filled with light, PR at your entrance pupil.

Question 11

what happens to rules with short concave mirror?

Answer 11

everything is opposite.

Question 12

if PR is between you and patient what type of lens do you correct with? if not between you and patient? if neutral?

Answer 12

neg lens (myope therefore corrects with neg lens)
plus lens
NONE