Retinal Pigment Epithelium

Question 1

Eyes have to be _________ to assess RPE

Answer 1

Dilated

Question 2

Outermost later of the retina

Answer 2

RPE

Question 3

Where is there no retina nor RPE?

Answer 3

Optic nerve

Question 4

Towards the vitreous

Answer 4

Vitreed

Question 5

Towards the sclera

Answer 5

Sclerad

Question 6

Away from the center of the eye

Answer 6

Outer

Question 7

Towards the center of the eye

Answer 7

Inner

Question 8

Light must pass through ____________________ to reach the RPE

Answer 8

All the layers of the retina

Question 9

What causes the pigment in RPE? Why?

Answer 9

Melanocytes. For absorbing light because you don’t want reflection in the eye

Question 10

What part of the CB does the retina become continuous with? RPE?

Answer 10

Retina becomes NPE of CB

RPE becomes PE of CB

Question 11

Polarized monolayer of the eye

Answer 11

RPE

Question 12

How are RPE and corneal endothelium similar?

Answer 12

They do not proliferate. Inner most layer

Question 13

How many RPE cell are there? Do they regenerate?

Answer 13

4-6 million! NO!

Question 14

Where is RPE cell density the highest?

Answer 14

In the region of the fovea

Question 15

Describe the arrangement of RPE cells and Photoreceptor Outer Segments

Answer 15

Apex to apex

Question 16

The RPE of the retina lies next to what layer of the choroid?

Answer 16

Bruchs membrane

Question 17

6 major functions of the RPE

Answer 17

1. Secretion of VEGF and PEDF
2. Phagocytosis of photoreceptors
3. Visual cycle (how drusen is created)
4. Glia (takes up K)
5. Epithelial transport
6. Light Absorption

Question 18

What does the RPE phagocytize?

Answer 18

Shed photoreceptor discs

Question 19

When are rods shed? Cones? What engulfs these?

Answer 19

Rods- early morning

Cones- evening

Apical microvilli of the RPE

Question 20

The outer zone of the RPE contains:

Inner zone of the RPE contains:

Answer 20

Outer- mitochondria

Inner- melanin

Question 21

Lysomal degradation of Rod Outer Segments in the RPE can be degraded as:

Answer 21

Lipofuscin, which causes waste in the eye and buildup of DRUSEN

Question 22

Why is macular drusen a concern? When is drusen prominent?

Answer 22

RPE is at risk, not functioning as well as it should.

In smokers

Question 23

Hereditary form of drusen

Answer 23

Familial dominant drusen, everywhere, not just macula

Question 24

Dropout of the RPE

Answer 24

Geographic atrophy

Question 25

Fluid/blood leakage in the retina

Answer 25

Wet AMD

Question 26

How do you treat Wet AMD?

Answer 26

Anti-VEGF drugs. | Vascular endothelial growth factor inhibitor

Question 27

What are Anti-VEGF drugs used for?

Answer 27

Wet AMD! And also colon cancer.

Question 28

Which Anti-VEGF is used for colon cancer, and can be used for Wet AMD because its a shit ton cheaper?

Answer 28

Avastin (bevacizumab)

Question 29

How are Anti-VEGF drugs administered for Wet AMD?

Answer 29

Intravitreal injection Needle in the eye. Neat.

Question 30

Why are Eylea and Lucentis a shit ton more expensive than Avastin??

Answer 30

Because the FDA is a fuckbag. Avastin is more expensive in colon cancer treatment than Wet AMD because, yeah, cancer sucks.

Question 31

Visual distortion caused by AMD that causes blurriness

Answer 31

Metamorphopsia

Question 32

Visual distortion caused by AMD resulting in a central loss of vision

Answer 32

Scotoma

Question 33

Light must pass through these layers of the retina to get through the RPE: (6)

Answer 33

1. Inner plexiform layer 2. Inner nuclear layer 3. Outer plexiform layer 4. Outer nuclear layer 5. Inner segments 6. Outer segments

Question 34

RPE and photoreceptors are arranged apex to apex due to: The space between these is called the:

Answer 34

Embryological development Interphotoreceptor matrix

Question 35

What is function of the apical microvilli on RPE?

Answer 35

Na/K ATPase pumps Regulates fluxes to keep the sensory retina adhered to the RPE

Question 36

Where are the tight junctions located in the RPE lateral membrane?

Answer 36

Zonula Occludens

Question 37

Part of the basal membrane of RPE that increase surface area for cell reabsorption and secretion

Answer 37

Basal Enfoldings

Question 38

Tunnel vision, loss of peripheral vision could be a result of:

Answer 38

Retinitis Pigmentosa

Question 39

Result of Bruch's membrane occluding vessels, and loss of photoreceptor layer.

Answer 39

Large Hypertrophy..?

Question 40

Fungus on the retina, usually only on macula

Answer 40

Histoplasmosis