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B7 Ocular > Retinal Pigment Epithelium > Flashcards

Retinal Pigment Epithelium Flashcards

1
Q

Eyes have to be _________ to assess RPE

A

Dilated

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2
Q

Outermost later of the retina

A

RPE

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3
Q

Where is there no retina nor RPE?

A

Optic nerve

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4
Q

Towards the vitreous

A

Vitreed

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5
Q

Towards the sclera

A

Sclerad

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6
Q

Away from the center of the eye

A

Outer

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7
Q

Towards the center of the eye

A

Inner

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8
Q

Light must pass through ____________________ to reach the RPE

A

All the layers of the retina

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9
Q

What causes the pigment in RPE? Why?

A

Melanocytes. For absorbing light because you don’t want reflection in the eye

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10
Q

What part of the CB does the retina become continuous with? RPE?

A

Retina becomes NPE of CB

RPE becomes PE of CB

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11
Q

Polarized monolayer of the eye

A

RPE

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12
Q

How are RPE and corneal endothelium similar?

A

They do not proliferate. Inner most layer

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13
Q

How many RPE cell are there? Do they regenerate?

A

4-6 million! NO!

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14
Q

Where is RPE cell density the highest?

A

In the region of the fovea

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15
Q

Describe the arrangement of RPE cells and Photoreceptor Outer Segments

A

Apex to apex

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16
Q

The RPE of the retina lies next to what layer of the choroid?

A

Bruchs membrane

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17
Q

6 major functions of the RPE

A
  1. Secretion of VEGF and PEDF
  2. Phagocytosis of photoreceptors
  3. Visual cycle (how drusen is created)
  4. Glia (takes up K)
  5. Epithelial transport
  6. Light Absorption
18
Q

What does the RPE phagocytize?

A

Shed photoreceptor discs

19
Q

When are rods shed? Cones? What engulfs these?

A

Rods- early morning

Cones- evening

Apical microvilli of the RPE

20
Q

The outer zone of the RPE contains:

Inner zone of the RPE contains:

A

Outer- mitochondria

Inner- melanin

21
Q

Lysomal degradation of Rod Outer Segments in the RPE can be degraded as:

A

Lipofuscin, which causes waste in the eye and buildup of DRUSEN

22
Q

Why is macular drusen a concern? When is drusen prominent?

A

RPE is at risk, not functioning as well as it should.

In smokers

23
Q

Hereditary form of drusen

A

Familial dominant drusen, everywhere, not just macula

24
Q

Dropout of the RPE

A

Geographic atrophy

25
Q

Fluid/blood leakage in the retina

A

Wet AMD

26
Q

How do you treat Wet AMD?

A

Anti-VEGF drugs.

Vascular endothelial growth factor inhibitor

27
Q

What are Anti-VEGF drugs used for?

A

Wet AMD! And also colon cancer.

28
Q

Which Anti-VEGF is used for colon cancer, and can be used for Wet AMD because its a shit ton cheaper?

A

Avastin (bevacizumab)

29
Q

How are Anti-VEGF drugs administered for Wet AMD?

A

Intravitreal injection

Needle in the eye. Neat.

30
Q

Why are Eylea and Lucentis a shit ton more expensive than Avastin??

A

Because the FDA is a fuckbag. Avastin is more expensive in colon cancer treatment than Wet AMD because, yeah, cancer sucks.

31
Q

Visual distortion caused by AMD that causes blurriness

A

Metamorphopsia

32
Q

Visual distortion caused by AMD resulting in a central loss of vision

A

Scotoma

33
Q

Light must pass through these layers of the retina to get through the RPE: (6)

A
  1. Inner plexiform layer
  2. Inner nuclear layer
  3. Outer plexiform layer
  4. Outer nuclear layer
  5. Inner segments
  6. Outer segments
34
Q

RPE and photoreceptors are arranged apex to apex due to:

The space between these is called the:

A

Embryological development

Interphotoreceptor matrix

35
Q

What is function of the apical microvilli on RPE?

A

Na/K ATPase pumps

Regulates fluxes to keep the sensory retina adhered to the RPE

36
Q

Where are the tight junctions located in the RPE lateral membrane?

A

Zonula Occludens

37
Q

Part of the basal membrane of RPE that increase surface area for cell reabsorption and secretion

A

Basal Enfoldings

38
Q

Tunnel vision, loss of peripheral vision could be a result of:

A

Retinitis Pigmentosa

39
Q

Result of Bruch’s membrane occluding vessels, and loss of photoreceptor layer.

A

Large Hypertrophy..?

40
Q

Fungus on the retina, usually only on macula

A

Histoplasmosis

B7 Ocular (6 decks)

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