Retinal detachment and Vitreous haemorrhage Flashcards
2 causes of vitreous haemorrhage
diabetes and bleeding disorders
how does a vitreous haemorrhage present
sudden appearance of floaters/spots in your vision and vision may be worse in the morning (due to blood settling to the back of the eye)
4 conditions where there is potential of bleeding blood vessels secondary to neovascularisation
- Diabetic eye disease
- Macular degeneration
- Retinal vein occlusion
- Retinopathy with sickle cell disease
management of vitreous haemorrhage if blood is slowly too slowly
vitrectomy
advice to a patient with a vitreous haemorrhage
- rest
- sit upright
- elevate head at night
- avoid heavy lifting
what is retinal detachment
separation of the neurosensory layer of the retina from the outermost pigmented epithelium
risk factors for retinal detachment?
- myopia
- trauma
how can trauma cause retinal detachment
trauma can cause high velocity vitreous movement; therefore causing traction of the retina, and can also cause a tear
visual symptoms experienced in posterior vitreous detachment?
flashes of light - due to stimulation of the retina
floaters on temporal side of central vision
what can posterior vitreous detachment cause?
retinal tear
visual symptoms of retinal detachment? (3)
- Dense shadows showing peripherally, progressing towards the central vision
- Straight lines appearing curved
- Central visual loss
investigations in retinal detachment + findings
FUNDOSCOPY
- crinkling of retinal tissue
- change in vessel direction
- tobacco dust in anterior vitreous
SLIT LAMP
management of retinal detachment
- Urgent review by ophthalmology on the same day due to risk of permanent: visual field loss, distortion, blurred vision
when is visual acuity normal in retinal detachment
when the macula is spared
what is Rheumatogenous detachment?
full thickness tear
what is Tractional detachment?
membranes growing abnormally in the vitreous e..g in a patient with diabetic retinopathy
