Diabetic retinopathy Flashcards
what is the most common cause of blindness in adults between the ages of 35 and 65 years?
diabetic retinopathy
what does retinal ischaemia cause?
neovascularisation
what does bleeding of abnormal blood vessels into the vitreous chamber cause?
vitreous haemorrhage
Fundoscopy features?
- cotton wool spots
- venous bleeding
- retinal haemorrhage
- exudates
risk factors for diabetic retinopathy?
- poorly controlled diabetes
- obesity
- hypertension
- smoking
- pregnancy
- t1dm
frequency of screening during pregnancy?
1st timester
and
28 weeks
R0
no retinopathy
R1
mild non-proliferative
- microaneurysms
- retinal haemorrhages
- exudates
- venous loops
R2
moderate/severe non-proloferative
- exudates
- cotton wool spots
- venous bleeding
- microvascular abnormalities
cause of cotton wool spots and what stage of diabetic retinopathy are they seen in?
Damage to nerve fibres resulting in accumulation of axoplasmic material within the nerve fibre
R2
what are hard exudates and what stage of retinopathy are they seen in
yellow flecks made up of lipid residues of serous leakage from damaged capillaries due to retinal vascular permeability
R2
R3
proliferative disease - retinal neovascularisation
M0
no maculopathy
M1
diabetic maculopathy
- group of exudate all within macula
at what stage of retinopathy is an urgent referral of less than 2 weeks required, to ophthalmology
R3 (proliferative disease)
