Retinal detachment Flashcards
Define retinal detachment.
Detachment of the inner layer of the retina(neurosensory retina) from the retinal pigment epithelium. (ophthalmic emergency)
Is retinal detachment more common in men or women?
Men (1.5 times)
Name the 2 types of retinal detachment.
- Rhegmatogenous retinal detachment
- Non-rhegmatogenous retinal detachment
Name the 2 types of non-rhegmatogenous retinal detachment.
- Tractional retinal detachment
- Exudative retinal detachment
When do tractional and exudative retinal detachment occur?
Traction retinal detachment – occurs when the fibrovascular tissue pulls the retina from retinal pigment epithelium. Less common.
Exudative – occurs due to retinal diseases, including injury or trauma to the eye.
When does rhegmatogenous retinal detachment occur?
When a tear or break in the retina allows fluid from the vitreous gel to seep under the retina causing it to detach
Give 4 risk factors for rhegmatogenous retinal detachment.
Aging, Nearsightedness ,Fam history of retinal detachment and Previous injuries or surgery.
Name 3 conditions that tractional retinal detachment is associated with.
- Diabetic retinopathy
- Retinopathy of prematurity
- Sickle cell retinopathy
Name 2 conditions associated with exudative retinal detachment.
AMRD, Inflammatory diseases
Mention 3 clinical features for retinal detachment.
- Sudden, painless loss of vision: typically described as a curtain shadow descending or ascending across the field
- Flashes of light(photopsia): sudden brief flashes of light often in the peripheral vision
- Floaters: small spots or cobwebs floating in the visual field
Give 4 differential diagnosis for retinal detachment.
- Vitreous hemorrhage
- Posterior vitreous detachment
- Retinoschisis
- Uveitis
- Choroidal tumors
What are the examination techniques used in retinal detachment
- Microscopy
- Slit lamp examination
- Indirect ophthalmoscopy with scleral depression
Name 2 investigations done in retinal detachment.
- B-scan
- OCT
How is rhegmatogenous retinal detachment managed?
- Laser retinopexy
- Cryoretinopexy
- Pneumatic retinopexy
- Scleral buckling
- Pars plana vitrectomy
How is tractional retinal detachment managed?
Vitrectomy with or without scleral buckling
Give 3 complications of retinal detachment.
- Toxic uveitis
- Proliferative vitreoretinopathy
- Cataract formation
- Glaucoma
- Haemorrhage in vitreous cavity
