Retina and Retinal Pigment Epithelium Flashcards
What does the image describe?
The normal retinal layers.
What part of the eye is identified in these images?
The normal macula.
What is this condition? And what do the photomicrographs illustrate?
Albinism.
The nuclei and decreased pigmentation in the RPE and rare giant melanosomes.
What conditions are described in these images? And what is noted in the H&E stain?
Leukocoria and total exudative retinal detachment. And dense subretinal proteinaceous fluid.
What do the markings indicate in these images?
Telangiectatic vessels and foamy macrophages, and lipid-laden and pigment-laden macrophages and cholesterol clefts.
What is demonstrated in the low-magnification photomicrograph? And what does the higher magnification (PAS stain) shows?
A retinal tumor with a thick-walled feeder vessel and a cystic area filled with proteinaceous material. And numerous small, capillary-like vascular channels and foamy stromal cells.
What is the characteristic of the RPE cells?
Larger and contain more densely packed melanin granules.
What condition is describe? And what do the arrows indicate?
Acute retinal necrosis (ARN) and full-thickness necrosis of the retina.
What condition is this? And what is demonstrated in each image?
Cytomegalovirus (CMV) retinitis.
Vascular sheathing, full-thickness retinal necrosis, large syncytial cells, intranuclear owls eye inclusions and intracytoplasmic inclusions.
What is this condition? And what is demonstrated in the stains?
Fungal chorioretinitis. And multinucleated giant cells and numerous fungal hyphae.
What do the arrows indicate?
Chorioretinal scars with pigmentation, active retinitis and perivascular sheathing, and cysts and released organisms.
What does the image describe?
Cystoid spaces in the outer plexiform layer and reticular peripheral cystoid degeneration.
What condition is this?
Retinal lattice degeneration.
What do the arrows demonstrate? And what do the arrowheads indicate?
Paving-stone degeneration in the areas of depigmentation. And a sharp boundary.
What is the condition described? And what do INL and ONL means?
Inner ischemic retinal atrophy. Inner nuclear layer and outer nuclear layer.
What condition is described in this image? And what do the arrow and arrowhead demonstrate?
Outer ischemic retinal atrophy.
What is described in this image? And what type of fluid is in the cystoid spaces?
Cytoid bodies within the NFL and proteinaceous fluid.
What is this macular disorder? And what is found in the inner nuclear and outer plexiform layers?
Cystoid macular edema and cystoid spaces.
What type of deposit is this?
Intraretinal lipid deposits, or hard exudates.
What are the features showed in the PAS stain?
Intraretinal exudates surround intraretinal microvascular abnormalities.
What is the characteristic of the macula in the first image?
Presence of mild cystoid macular edema, subretinal fluid, and irregular elevation and detachment of the RPE.
What are the characteristics of the hemorrhages in the fundus photograph? And what are their corresponding places histologically?
The dot-blot hemorrhage corresponding to blood in the middle layers of the retina, flame-shaped corresponds to blood in the NFL, and the boat-shaped corresponds to subhyaloid blood.
What is described in this trypsin digest?
The acellular capillaries are adjacent to intraretinal microvascular abnormalities (IRMA).
What is the technique used? And what does it shows?
Retinal trypsin digest preparation and diabetic microaneurysms.
