Retina

Question 1

What is the most common cause of CWS?

Answer 1

DR

Question 2

What systemic dz was found not to contribute to BRVO in the BVOS?

Answer 2

Diabetes

Question 3

What is the most frequent cause of endogenous endophthalmitis after LIVER transplants?

Answer 3

Aspergillus (mold)

Question 4

Congenital color vision defect has what inheritance pattern and who is affected more?

Answer 4

XLinked recessive; males 5-8%; 0.5% females

Question 5

Which makes up the largest group of color-deficient persons?

Answer 5

Anomalous trichromats - “color weak”

Question 6

The cone-rod homeobox-containing gene (AD) causes what 2 dz?

Answer 6

1. Leber congenital amaurosis

2. Cone-Rod dystrophy

Question 7

Rhodopsin (AD) gene defect causes what 2 dz?

Answer 7

1. CSNB

2. RP

Question 8

RDS-Peripherin gene (AD) casues what 3 dz?

Answer 8

1. Cone-Rod dystrophy
2. RP
3. Pattern dystrophy

Question 9

What are redudant fold of peripheral retina that project into the vitreous and are located in the superonasal quadrant?

Answer 9

Meriodial folds - risk for retinal tear

Question 10

Muller cell nuclei are located in what layer?

Answer 10

Inner nuclear layer

Question 11

What is psoralen?

Answer 11

Drug that treats extensive vitaligo and other skin d/o. It photosensitizes the eye.

Question 12

MAR has antibodies to what cells?

Answer 12

Retinal bipolar cells in the Inner nuclear layer; MAR predominantly affects RODS

Question 13

What are risk factors for developing AMD?

Answer 13

1. HYPEROPIA
2. HYN
3. Hypercholesterolemia
4. FEMALE
5. Fhx

Question 14

Methionine restriction, high cystine, and Vitamin B6 supplementation is recommended for what dz?

Answer 14

Homocystinuria

Question 15

Phytanic acid restriction is recommended in what dz?

Answer 15

Refsum dz

Question 16

Vitamin A and E supplementation is recommended in what dz?

Answer 16

Abetalipoprotenemia

Question 17

What are 2 protective factors?

Answer 17

1. darker fundus pigmentation

2. high refractive errors

Question 18

Nitrofuritonin causes what type of retinopathy?

Answer 18

Crystaline retinopathy

Question 19

Most hereditary color defects are what inheritance?

Answer 19

XL recessive

Question 20

Rod monochormatism is what inheritance?

Answer 20

AR

Question 21

tritanopia/anomolous is what inheritance?

Answer 21

AD

Question 22

What are 5 lesions that predispose to RD?

Answer 22

1. LD
2. VR tuft (noncystic, cystic, zonular traction retinal tufts)
3. Meridional folds
4. Enclosed ora bays
5. Peripheral retinal excavations - atypical LD

Question 23

In MAR antibodies are directed against what cells?

Answer 23

Bipolar cells

Question 24

How do you differentiate gyrate atrophy from choroideremia?

Answer 24

Gyrate atrophy (AR) has generalized hyperpigmentation of the remaining RPE
Choroideremia - X linked recessive rod-cone dystrophy

Question 25

Retinal astrocytic hamartoma?

Answer 25

Tuberous sclerosis

Question 26

Gyrate atrophy lacking what and treat how?

Answer 26

Ornathine uridyl transferase And Arginine restricted diet + vit B6 (pyridoxine)

Question 27

List 3 things that cause retinal wipeout.

Answer 27

1. Bechets 2. ARN 3. DUSN

Question 28

How do you treat Bartonella hensale?

Answer 28

Cipro 500 bid

Question 29

Which retinal necrosis retinitis responds well to IV acyclovir and which one responds poorly?

Answer 29

Well - ARN | Poor - PORN

Question 30

List 2 RP like diseases that can be treated.

Answer 30

1. Bassen-kornzweig (abetalipoproteinemia + acantholysis) - supplement vitamin A,D,E,K) 2. Refsums dz - (cerebellar ataxia with ichthyosis) elevated phtyanic acid; restrict it in the diet

Question 31

What has medium to low internal reflectivity? What has high internal reflectivity? What has medium to high internal reflectivity?

Answer 31

1. Chorodial melanoma 2. Chorodial hemangioma 3. Metastatic choroidal tumors

Question 32

What % of RB is sporadic? Germinal mutation?

Answer 32

60% - sporadic 40% - heritable Sporadic - 94% of unilateral dz Germinal (heritable) - 20-30% cases (80% - bilateral) Somatic (non-heritable)

Question 33

Match the retinal vasculitis with dz and vessel size: 1. GCA 2. Wegeners 3. Polyartritis nodosa

Answer 33

1. Large vessel 2. Small and medium vessels 3. Medium vessels

Question 34

White string of pearls in the vitreous is what?

Answer 34

Amylodisis

Question 35

Ddx of crystalline retinopathy? Genetic vs toxic vs vascular vs metabolic

Answer 35

Genetic - bietti's (rpe changes and nyclopia); gyrate; cystinosis Toxic - tamoxifen, nitrofuitonin, canthaxanthine, methoxyflurane Vascular - jxt Metabolic - sarcoid; liver cirrhosis; renal failure