Retina Flashcards
What is the most common cause of CWS?
DR
What systemic dz was found not to contribute to BRVO in the BVOS?
Diabetes
What is the most frequent cause of endogenous endophthalmitis after LIVER transplants?
Aspergillus (mold)
Congenital color vision defect has what inheritance pattern and who is affected more?
XLinked recessive; males 5-8%; 0.5% females
Which makes up the largest group of color-deficient persons?
Anomalous trichromats - “color weak”
The cone-rod homeobox-containing gene (AD) causes what 2 dz?
- Leber congenital amaurosis
2. Cone-Rod dystrophy
Rhodopsin (AD) gene defect causes what 2 dz?
- CSNB
2. RP
RDS-Peripherin gene (AD) casues what 3 dz?
- Cone-Rod dystrophy
- RP
- Pattern dystrophy
What are redudant fold of peripheral retina that project into the vitreous and are located in the superonasal quadrant?
Meriodial folds - risk for retinal tear
Muller cell nuclei are located in what layer?
Inner nuclear layer
What is psoralen?
Drug that treats extensive vitaligo and other skin d/o. It photosensitizes the eye.
MAR has antibodies to what cells?
Retinal bipolar cells in the Inner nuclear layer; MAR predominantly affects RODS
What are risk factors for developing AMD?
- HYPEROPIA
- HYN
- Hypercholesterolemia
- FEMALE
- Fhx
Methionine restriction, high cystine, and Vitamin B6 supplementation is recommended for what dz?
Homocystinuria
Phytanic acid restriction is recommended in what dz?
Refsum dz
Vitamin A and E supplementation is recommended in what dz?
Abetalipoprotenemia
What are 2 protective factors?
- darker fundus pigmentation
2. high refractive errors
Nitrofuritonin causes what type of retinopathy?
Crystaline retinopathy
Most hereditary color defects are what inheritance?
XL recessive
Rod monochormatism is what inheritance?
AR
tritanopia/anomolous is what inheritance?
AD
What are 5 lesions that predispose to RD?
- LD
- VR tuft (noncystic, cystic, zonular traction retinal tufts)
- Meridional folds
- Enclosed ora bays
- Peripheral retinal excavations - atypical LD
In MAR antibodies are directed against what cells?
Bipolar cells
How do you differentiate gyrate atrophy from choroideremia?
Gyrate atrophy (AR) has generalized hyperpigmentation of the remaining RPE Choroideremia - X linked recessive rod-cone dystrophy
Retinal astrocytic hamartoma?
Tuberous sclerosis
Gyrate atrophy lacking what and treat how?
Ornathine uridyl transferase
And
Arginine restricted diet + vit B6 (pyridoxine)
List 3 things that cause retinal wipeout.
- Bechets
- ARN
- DUSN
How do you treat Bartonella hensale?
Cipro 500 bid
Which retinal necrosis retinitis responds well to IV acyclovir and which one responds poorly?
Well - ARN
Poor - PORN
List 2 RP like diseases that can be treated.
- Bassen-kornzweig (abetalipoproteinemia + acantholysis) - supplement vitamin A,D,E,K)
- Refsums dz - (cerebellar ataxia with ichthyosis) elevated phtyanic acid; restrict it in the diet
What has medium to low internal reflectivity?
What has high internal reflectivity?
What has medium to high internal reflectivity?
- Chorodial melanoma
- Chorodial hemangioma
- Metastatic choroidal tumors
What % of RB is sporadic?
Germinal mutation?
60% - sporadic
40% - heritable
Sporadic - 94% of unilateral dz
Germinal (heritable) - 20-30% cases (80% - bilateral)
Somatic (non-heritable)
Match the retinal vasculitis with dz and vessel size:
- GCA
- Wegeners
- Polyartritis nodosa
- Large vessel
- Small and medium vessels
- Medium vessels
White string of pearls in the vitreous is what?
Amylodisis
Ddx of crystalline retinopathy?
Genetic vs toxic vs vascular vs metabolic
Genetic - bietti’s (rpe changes and nyclopia); gyrate; cystinosis
Toxic - tamoxifen, nitrofuitonin, canthaxanthine, methoxyflurane
Vascular - jxt
Metabolic - sarcoid; liver cirrhosis; renal failure
