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Y3 - CLASP Sudden Death > Resuscitation > Flashcards

Resuscitation Flashcards

1
Q

define clinical death

A

the period of resp, circulatory and brain arrest during which initiation of resus can lead to recovery with pre-arrest CNS function

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2
Q

define biologic death

A

sets in after clinical death and is an irreversible state of cellular destruction

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3
Q

what is trans thoracic impedance?

A

the body’s resistance to current flow from the defibrillator

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4
Q

what are the known causes of trans thoracic impedance?

A 
body mass 
age 
disease 
skin resistance 
tissue type and amount
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5
Q

describe ventricular fibrillation

A 
Bizarre irregular waveform 
No recognisable QRS complexes 
Random frequency and amplitude 
Uncoordinated electrical activity 
Coarse/fine
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6
Q

describe pulseless ventricular tachycardia

A

Monomorphic VT – broad complex rhythm, rapid rate, constant QRS morphology
Polymorphic VT – torsades de pointes

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7
Q

if VF/PVT persists after shock…

A

Deliver 2nd shock
CPR for 2 mins
Deliver 3rd shock
CPR for 2 min and administer adrenaline 1mg IV and amiodarone 300mg IV

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8
Q

describe asytole

A 
Absent ventricular (QRS) activity 
Atrial activity (P waves) may persist 
Rarely a straight trace line
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9
Q

treatment of asytole

A

Restart CPR then adrenaline 1 mg IV every 3 -5 mins

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10
Q

describe pulseless electrical activity

A

Clinical features of cardiac arrest

ECG normally associated with an output

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11
Q

treatment of PEA

A

Restart CPR then adrenaline 1 mg IV every 3-5 mins

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12
Q

treatment of hypoxia

A

airway patency, high flow supplemental oxygen

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13
Q

treatment of hypovolaemia

A

infuse IV fluids

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14
Q

treatment of metabolic causes

A

electrolyte infusions

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15
Q

treatment of hypothermia

A

active re-warming techniques

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16
Q

treatment of tamponade

A

needle pericardiocentesis or resuscitative thoracotomy

17
Q

treatment of tension pneumothorax

A

check position of intubation, decompression or thoracotomy

18
Q

treatment of toxins

A

case to case

19
Q

treatment of thrombosis

A

thrombolytic drug therapy

20
Q

normal QRS complex

A

<0.12s

21
Q

P-R interval

A

0.12 - 0.20 sec

22
Q

QT interval

A

0.35 - 0.43 sec

23
Q

how to calculate HR when it looks irregular

A

300/no. of large squares between 2 R waves

24
Q

how to calculate HR when it looks regular

A
  • Number of cardiac cycles occurring in 6s (30 large squares) and multiply by 10
25
Q

6 points to look for in an ECG

A
  1. Is there any electrical activity?
  2. What is the ventricular (QRS) rate? (bradycardia <60, tachycardia >100)
  3. Is the QRS rhythm regular or irregular?
  4. Is the QRS width normal or prolonged?
  5. Is atrial activity present?
  6. How is atrial activity related to ventricular activity?
26
Q

describe normal sinus rhythm

A

Rate = 60-100bpm
Regular P wave to each regular QRS
Normal P wave appearance
Normal and constant PR interval

27
Q

bradycardia

A

<60bpm

28
Q

tachycardia

A

> 100bpm

29
Q

describe atrial flutter

A

Atrial rate = 250-350bpm
Usually regular QRS
Classic sawtooth

30
Q

describe atrial fibrillation

A

Irregularly irregular QRS
No P waves – atrial rate >350bpm
Fast or slow AV conduction
Irregular baseline

31
Q

describe ventricular tachycardia

A

Rate 100-200bpm
Regular
Occasional dissociated P waves
Wide, bizarre QRS

32
Q

describe torsades des pointes

A 
Twisting of the axis 
Rate 200-250 bpm 
Regular or irregular 
Sinusoidal pattern 
May revert to VF or back to SR 
Associated with electrolyte abnormalities
33
Q

describe first degree heart block

A 
Rate depends on underlying rhythm 
Regular 
Prolonged PR interval > 0.2secs 
Physiologic block in the AV node 
Caused by medication, vagal stimulation, disease 
If isolated may not require treatment
34
Q

describe Mobitz I Second Degree Heart Block

A 
Rate depends on underlying rhythm 
Regularly irregular 
Increasing PR interval 
Dropped beat 
Cycle starts over 
Decreased AV node with long refractory period
35
Q

describe Mobitz II Second Degree Heart Block

A 
Rate depends on underlying rhythm 
Same PR interval for all conducted beats 
P waves usually regular 
Some P waves not conducted 
Usually progresses to CHB
36
Q

describe complete heart block

A 
Atrio-ventricular dissociation 
Regular P waves 
Regular QRS 
No relationship 
Rate depends on intrinsic rhythm 
Needs pacemaker

Y3 - CLASP Sudden Death (7 decks)

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