Pathology

Question 1

define sudden death

Answer 1

death within 24 hours of the onset of symptoms

Question 2

name the 4Hs of reversible causes of cardiac arrest

Answer 2

hypoxia
hypovolaemia
hypo/hyperkalaemia/metabolic
hypothermia

Question 3

name the 4 Ts of reversible causes of cardiac arrest

Answer 3

thrombosis
tamponade
toxins
tension pneumothorax

Question 4

what are non-suspicious causes of hypoxia?

Answer 4

asthma 
pneumothorax 
resp obstruction
resp depression
aspiration

Question 5

what can cause respiratory obstruction?

Answer 5

epiglottis

choking

Question 6

what can cause respiratory depression?

Answer 6

drugs

overdose

Question 7

what are suspicious causes of hypoxia?

Answer 7

resp obstruction
drug overdose, negligence, poisoning
drowning

Question 8

what are non-suspicious causes of hypovolaemia?

Answer 8

GI haemorrhage

haemoperitoneum - liver, spleen, laceration

Question 9

what are suspicious causes of hypovolaemia?

Answer 9

trauma
stabbings
shootings

Question 10

what are non-suspicious causes of hypo/hyperkalaemia/metabolic?

Answer 10

diabetic ketoacidosis
alcoholic ketoacidosis
toxins

Question 11

what are suspicious causes of hypo/hyperkalaemia/metabolic?

Answer 11

toxins - poisoning

Question 12

what are non-suspicious causes of hypothermia?

Answer 12

exposure to cold
alcoholic
drugs
underlying medical disease

Question 13

what are suspicious causes of hypothermia?

Answer 13

exposure to cold
water
neglect
forced outside

Question 14

what are non-suspicious causes of coronary or pulmonary thrombosis?

Answer 14

coronary artery thrombosis on atherosclerosis
pulmonary venous thromboembolism
embolism from DVT
paradoxical emboli

Question 15

what are suspicious causes of coronary or pulmonary thrombosis?

Answer 15

contribution
deaths in custody
one punch
‘scared to death’

Question 16

what are suspicious causes of tamponade?

Answer 16

secondary to injury - blunt or sharp force trauma

Question 17

what are non-suspicious causes of tamponade?

Answer 17

after MI 
pericarditis 
tuberculosis 
aortic dissection 
trauma 
neoplasm

Question 18

what are non-suspicious causes of toxins?

Answer 18

overdose
negligence
accidental

Question 19

what are suspicious causes of toxins?

Answer 19

third party involvement - poisoning

negligence

Question 20

what are non-suspicious causes of tension pneumothorax?

Answer 20

chronic lung disease
spontaneous
trauma

Question 21

what are suspicious causes of tension pneumothorax?

Answer 21

secondary to trauma