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YEAR 3 SUDDEN DEATH > Resuscitation > Flashcards

Resuscitation Flashcards

1
Q

what is clinical death

A

period of respiratory, circulatory and brain arrest during which initiation of resuscitation can lead to recovery with pre-arrest CNS function

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2
Q

is clinical death reversible

A

yes

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3
Q

is biological death reversible

A

no

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4
Q

what is biological death

A

irreversible state of cellular destruction

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5
Q

how long does clinical death last

A

under normal temperature, won’t last longer than 3-6 minutes

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6
Q

chest compressions to rescue breaths should be in what ratio

A

30:2

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7
Q

where should chest compressions be

A

middle of the chest in the nipple line

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8
Q

how deep should chest compressions be

A

5-6 cm

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9
Q

it is important to allow ____ after chest compressions

A

recoil

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10
Q

when would you do rescue breaths before chest compressions

A

paediatric CPR or non-cardiac cause e.g. drowning

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11
Q

what rate should chest compressions be

A

100-120bpm

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12
Q

how many chest compressions per second

A

2 per second

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13
Q

after how long should you change CPR provider to prevent fatigue

A

after every 2 min cycle

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14
Q

how many rescue breaths in 10s

A

2

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15
Q

what should you be wary of with chest compressions

A

gastric inflation

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16
Q

what is transthoracic impedance

A

the body’s resistance to current flow - determining factor to successful defibrillation

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17
Q

____ transthoracic impedence reduces current flow

A

high

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18
Q

when should chest compressions be paused

A

check rhythm

allow shock

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19
Q

should you do chest compressions when charging the defib

A

yes

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20
Q

what arrhythmias are shockable

A

Pulseless VT

VF

21
Q

will VT or VF have a pulse

A

no

22
Q

what are non-shockable arrhythmias

A

PEA

asystole

23
Q

what should be given after 3 rounds of CPR

A

adrenaline

24
Q

what should be given every 3 rounds there after

A

amiodarone

25
Q

what is the pneumonic for reversible causes of cardiac arrest

A

4 Hs

4Ts

26
Q

what are the 4 Hs

A

hypoxia
hypothermia
hypovolaemia
hypo/hyperkalaemia

27
Q

what are the 4 Ts

A

toxins
tamponade (cardiac)
tension pneumothorax)
thrombosis

28
Q

what should be given if someone is hypoxic

A

high flow oxygen and ensure airway patent

29
Q

what should be given if someone is hypovolaemic

A

IV fluids and stop haemorrhage if there is one

30
Q

what is the most common cause of cardiac sudden death

A

MI

31
Q

what are 2 things that can be seen with cardiac arrest

A

agonal breathing

myoclonus

32
Q

what is agonal breathing

A

gasping and laboured breathing, may be snorts

not true breaths

33
Q

what is myoclonus

A

abnormal jerky irregular movements which accompany agonal breathing in cardiac arrest

34
Q

when should amiodarone not be given

A

polymorphic VT with LQTS as amiodarone makes it worse

35
Q

how do you work out the HR from a regular ECG

A

300/no. of large boxes between QRS complexes

36
Q

how do you work out the HR from an irregular ECG

A

no. of QRS complexes in 30 small boxes x 10

37
Q

what is given in hyperkalaemia

A

IV calcium gluconate/chloride
dextrose and insulin
consider nebulised salbutamol

38
Q

what does hyperkalaemia look like on ECG

A

tall tented t waves

flattened QRS complexes

39
Q

how can hypothermia be treated

A

active rewarming techniques

consider cardiopulmonary bypass

40
Q

if someone that is intubated has a tension pneumothorax what should you check

A

tube position

41
Q

what are clinical signs of tension pneumothorax

A

decreased breath sounds
hyper-resonant percussion note
tracheal deviation

42
Q

how is tension pneumothorax treated

A

needle decompression or thoacostomy

43
Q

when should cardiac tamponade be considered as a possibility

A

penetrating chest trauma or after cardiac surgery

44
Q

how is cardiac tamponade treated

A

pericardiocentesis or resuscitative thoracotomy

45
Q

how is a PE treated

A

fibrinolytic therapy

46
Q

if fibrinolytic therapy is given how long should CPR be continued for before discontinuing

A

up to 60-90 mins

47
Q

what is the purpose of CPR

A

push blood out of and suck blood into chest hence importance of recoil

48
Q

what is the most common cause of PEA

A

hypovolaemia

could also be distributive shock

YEAR 3 SUDDEN DEATH (7 decks)

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