Results

Question 1

What group was significant?

Answer 1

For the voice group, within group (w) increases from baseline to post-treatment were statistically significant (w = 31,5%, CI 19,6 43¢5; p<0,0001; effect size [ES]=1,2)

Question 2

Who were not significant? / what about the other groups?

Answer 2

For the articulation group increases from baseline to post-treatment were not significant (w = 6,8%, CI 3,2 16,8; p = 0,18; ES=0,3).

For the no treatment group, decreases in TA were significant (w=11,9%, CI 21,1 2,7; p = 0,0115; ES=0,6).

Question 3

What were the outcome between the groups?

Answer 3

Between-group (d) comparisons of changes in TA from baseline to post-treatment indicated that increases in the voice group were sig- nificantly greater than those for both the articulation group (d = 26,2%, CI 1,5 51,0; p = 0,04; ES=1,0) and the no treatment group (d = 42,8%, CI 22,4 63,2; p = 0,0002; ES=1,8). Differences in TA changes between the articulation group and the no treatment group were not significant (d = 16,5%, CI 6,1 39,2; p = 0,147; ES=0,9).