Restudy NBE Science Flashcards
Alisia based QUESTIONS
Which of the following are supplemental germicides often added to some arterial fluids:
both quaternary ammonium compounds and glutaraldehyde
Spilled formaldehyde can be treated with ___ to produce a harmless product that can be easily disposed of. This can be a standard procedure for neutralizing major spills.
ammonia
Deamination and decarboxylation occur simultaneously during
putrefaction
Which of the following are characteristics of organic compounds?
their molecular structure is carbon based
Esters of glycerol with fatty acids are:
fats
The solvent which will dissolve nonpolar materials like grease and oil is:
Benzene
A substance that is capable of bringing about a reduction in the surface tension of a fluid:
surfactant
Which of these substances is NOT derived from the decomposition of proteins?
Carbon monoxide
What is the freezing point of water?
0 degrees Fahrenheit
When ammonia combines with formaldehyde based substances, it forms a neutral compound known as:
urotropin
Which of the following are employed in embalming formulations as surfactants:
both sodium lauryl sulfate and sulfonates
Which of the following are reactions associated with formaldehyde?
1-exists in water as methylene glycol
2- is prevented from polymerization to paraformaldehyde by the presence of methanol
3-preserves amino acids without coagulation
4-denatures, preserves and coagulates proteins
The conversion of bilirubin to biliverdin:
1 - is an oxidation/reduction reaction (formaldehyde is oxidized, bilirubin is reduced)
2 - is more likely when high index solutions of HCHO are used
4 - is undesirable because the body turns a green color
The family of elements which are often used as disinfectants is ___.
Halogens
The passage of a solvent through a semipermeable membrane from an area of lesser concentration to an area of higher concentration is:
Osmosis
Which of the following classes of compound is formed by the partial oxidation of a primary alcohol:
Aldehyde
Eosin is used in embalming fluids as a ___.
Dye
In arterial fluids, glycols act as:
humectants
What is the basic unit (parent structure) of all aromatic compounds?
Benzene
Which region of a protein molecule is acted upon by formaldehyde in the preservation reaction?
the peptide bond
Emulsified oil used as a humectant and to give a soft texture to skin:
Lanolins
Which of the following is used only as a filler in autopsy chemical mixtures?
Perlite
A solution created with water as the solvent is said to be
aqueous
Citrates and oxalates are usually added to embalming fluids to act as:
anticoagulants
The pattern of pH change in an unembalmed body after death is:
maintaining a steady pH = 7.3
Reaction of an acid with a base is called the ___ reaction.
neutralization
The splitting apart of a compound by water is called
hydrolysis
The pattern of pH change in an unembalmed body after death is:
pH 7.3 to more acidic then change to alkaline
An aqueous solution uses __________ as the vehicle.
Water
Another name for methyl alcohol is
wood alcohol
Which of the following solutions contain the most solute per-volume of solvent?
Supersaturated
Which of these chemical agents is a member of the quaternary ammonium compound family?
Benzalkonium chloride
The percentage by weight of formaldehyde in formalin is:
37%
The scientific term which means that a solution has dissolved all the solute particles it possibly can at that temperature is:
Saturated
Mercuric chloride is
prohibited by law
Water, when used in embalming fluids, is used as a:
Vehicle
What is benzaldehyde used for in embalming fluids?
Deoderant
Readings of 6.9 and below on the pH scale indicate the sample is:
Acidic
Complete oxidation of a hydrocarbon yields:
carbon dioxide and water
If a solution is acid, its pH will be:
below 7
The temperature and pressure at which a solid turns into a liquid is
Melting Point
Simple sugars are referred to as ________ because of their chemical structure.
monosaccharides
The products of the Neutralization Reaction are:
a salt and water
Which of these describes protein molecules?
many amino acids linked together
A solution in which more solute can still be dissolved at a given temperature is:
Unsaturated
Water of high mineral content, such as hard water, tends to:
promote blood clotting
When embalming a jaundice case, production of biliverdin is prevented by using ___ as the preservative chemical in the injection solution.
glutaraldehyde
Identify the true solution from this list.
Formalin
How many carbon atoms are there in a molecule of Benzaldehyde?
7
The process by which small solute molecules may pass through a membrane but large solute particles are retained by that membrane is called:
dialysis
An object with a specific gravity of less than one, when placed in water, will
Float
The total amount of formaldehyde required to preserve all of the protein in the body is:
the formaldehyde demand
Formaldehyde in water in a closed system such as an embalming fluid bottle, actually exists as:
Methylene Glycol - HCHO + H₂0> CH₂(OH)₂
Which of these reactions produces a hazardous gas?
bleach and formaldehyde
Which of these compounds is an inorganic acid when dissolved in water?
HCI
Substances that can be decomposed or separated into singular substances are:
Compounds
Identify the inorganic base from this list (all numbers are subscripts):
LiOH
Solutions that have the same osmotic pressure are said to be:
isotonic
The action that formaldehyde has on proteins is:
reversible in the presence of an abundance of water.
The density’ of an object divided by the density of water is:
specific gravity
Currently, the most often used preservative used in injected embalming solutions is:
methanal
The greater portion of a solution is the ___.
Solvent
The cross linking that takes place between protein molecules in embalmed tissue occurs between ________ in adjacent molecules.
nitrogen atoms
Those fluids that are employed at the same time as the preservative chemicals:
co-injection
Theoretically, the complete reduction of the compound formaldehyde would produce?
methane
Benefitting of 1 organism without affecting the other
Commensalism
The presence of certain bacteria inhibiting the growth of others
Antagonism
The association of certain species to accomplish harmful or beneficial results
Synergism
A mutually beneficial but necessary arrangement between bacterium
Mutualism
Mutually advantageous
Symbiosis
A hereditary disease of exocrine glands, especially affecting the pancreas and respiratory system with occlusion, infections, and cyst formation is:
cystic fibrosis
The escape of blood from the vascular system is called
hemorrhage
Acute diffuse inflammation of subcutaneous connective tissue describes
phlegmon
The prefix “cyto” means
Cell
Myoma is
benign muscle tissue
The chronic narrowing of the lumen of the esophagus is called:
stenosis
The name for the chronic end-stage liver disease where in functional cells of the liver are replaced by a lower form of cells is:
cirrhosis
Of the following locations, thrombi would likely be found in the
heart
A malignant neoplasm composed of fatty connective tissue is called
liposarcoma
The reaction of tissue to an irritant is called
inflammation
A marked increase in the number of red blood cells is a condition referred to as
erythrocytosis
What disease is caused by Francisella tularensis?
rabbit fever
Clostridrium perfringens causes
tissue gas
This enzyme is often referred to as “the spreading factor”?
hyaluronidase
What is the classification for the disease poliomyelitis?
neurotropic
What is an infection of the blood with actual growth and multiplication of pathogens in the blood?
septicema
Gas gangrene and tissue gas is caused by
Clostridium perfringens
Vaccination with cowpox virus will produce an immunity to:
Variola
What part of the body is affected by encephalitis?
the brain
A bacterium which has had its virulence reduced is said to be
attenuated
Acetone is a solvent which is in the family of organic compounds called ___.
Ketones
NOT important in determining the shelf-life of an arterial fluid?
Cost of Fluid
The function of glycerol in embalming fluids is:
humectant
The process used to separate colloidal solutes from crystalloidal solutes is
dialysis
NOT correct about accessory fluids?
they are added to the tank of the injection machine
Paraformaldehyde is formaldehyde in a:
Solid State
Which of the following will not have any effect on the solubility of a given solvent?
capacity of the container
Which of the following compounds is formed from the partial oxidation of an aldehyde?
Carboxylic Acid
A protein compound that acts as a biological catalyst in chemical reactions is
an enzyme
In organic chemistry, the best formula for indicating the location of the various substituants in the compound is the:
structural formula
If the body has road tar that must be removed, which of the following solvents would work best?
Propanone
Dimethyl Ketone
Acetone
(These are all the names for the same)
What type of substance is embalming fluid?
A mixture
Formaldehyde reacts with the ___ portion of protein molecules in the preservation process.
Peptide Bond
Adipocere is a derivative of:
Body Fats
Formaldehyde coagulates this compound because unlike the others listed it contains Nitrogen:
Protein
The substance that an enzyme acts upon is:
substrate
The by-products of the hydrolysis of fats are:
fatty acids and glycerol
Borax is used in an arterial fluid as a:
Buffer
Adipocere is chemically most similar to
Soap
The partial oxidation of wood alcohol yields
formaldehyde
These compounds break down large fat globules into small droplets to increase the surface area of the fat so that it can be more easily digested or washed away.
emulsifying agents
