Restrictive/Other Pulmonary Dysfunctions

Question 1

4 causes of pulmonary fibrosis

Answer 1

idiopathic, viral, genetic, immune system disorders

Question 2

define pneumonitis

Answer 2

inflammation of the lungs, without the toxemia associated with pneumonia

• often localized
• dry nonproductive cough

Question 3

cause of pneumonitis

Answer 3

environmental exposure to organic materials (inhaling something such as mold)

Question 4

pneumonitis can develop into what disorder

Answer 4

pulmonary fibrosis

Question 5

most common cause of pulmonary fibrosis

Answer 5

idiopathic

Question 6

Define pneumonia

Answer 6

inflammatory process of the lung

- thickening of wall in alveoli and accumulation of fluid

Question 7

classifications of pneumonia

Answer 7

pathogen, anatomic location, cause, combo

Question 8

risk factors for developing pneumonia

Answer 8

• lowered patient resistance

- inactivity or immobility

Question 9

diagnosis of pneumonia

Answer 9

• clinical presentation
• chest xray
• blood or sputum cultures

Question 10

pneumonia RF continued (details)

Answer 10

smoking, chronic bronchitis, respiratory infection, poorly controlled diabetes, malnutrition, existing illness = lowered pt resistance to agents present in UR tract

Question 11

types of pneumonia

Answer 11

bacterial, viral, fungal, broncho (considered a type of viral), lobar (considered type of bacterial), hypostatic, community acquired, nosocomial

Question 12

cause of hypostatic pneumonia

Answer 12

immobility

Question 13

community acquired pneumonia

Answer 13

can be bacterial or viral

aka walking pneumonia (viral)

Question 14

nosocomial pneumonia

Answer 14

HAP = hospital acquired pneumonia
opportunistic (pt’s already have decreased immune systems)
higher mortality rate
after 48 hrs in hosptial

Question 15

symptoms of bacterial pneumonia

Answer 15

fever, chills, dyspnea, tachypnea, productive cough (caused by strep) (signs = tachypnea, inspiratory crackles, fluid)

Question 16

symptoms of viral pneumonia

Answer 16

low grade temp, dyspnea, non-productive cough (caused by flu)

Question 17

symptoms of fungal pneumonia

Answer 17

fever, dyspnea, cough, chest pain, fatigue, weight loss, night sweats

Question 18

define BOOP

Answer 18

bronchiolitis Obliterans with Organizing Pneumonia

• bronchioles and alveoli become inflamed and plugged w/ CT
• necrosis of respiratory epithelium in bronchioles

Question 19

BOOP can lead to

Answer 19

atelectasis

Question 20

cause of BOOP in kids

Answer 20

viral (most common)

Question 21

causes of boop in adults

Answer 21

toxic fumes, viral, bacterial, connective tissue disease, idiopathic

Question 22

s/s of BOOP

Answer 22

cough, dyspnea, increased RR, cyanosis

Question 23

define pulmonary edema

Answer 23

excessive fluid in interstitial tissue which progresses to the alveoli

Question 24

causes of pulmonary edema

Answer 24

• increased pumonary capillary hydrostatic pressure
• increased alveolar cap perm
• lymphatic obstruction
• decreased serum and albumin in vascular fluid

Question 25

increase in pulmonary capillary hydrostatic pressure is caused by L or R ventricular failuare

Answer 25

left ventricular failure because L isn’t pumping to systemic system so pressure builds up

Question 26

s/s of pulmonary edema

Answer 26

decreased lung volume, pleural effusion, decreased breath sounds, wheezing, cyanosis, tachypnea, productive cough, anxiety

Question 27

pulmonary emboli

Answer 27

• blood clot in pulmonary artery obstructing blood supply to lung
• common cause of sudden death in hospital
• complication of venous thrombosis in legs

Question 28

RF for pulmonary emboli

Answer 28

blood stasis (immobility), endothelial injury, hypercoagulable states (pregnancy or those on birth control), obesity, smoking, HTN, infections, previous history

Question 29

2 big RF’s of pulmonary emboli

Answer 29

trauma and post operative

Question 30

s/s of PE

Answer 30

dyspnea, pleuritic chest pain, apprehension, persistent cough, fever, diaphoresis, tachypnea

Question 31

treatment for PE

Answer 31

prevention, thrombolytics, filter in vena cava, thrombectomy