Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Y1 RESPIRATORY > Restrictive Lung Diseases > Flashcards

Restrictive Lung Diseases Flashcards

1
Q

Which structure(s) are mainly damaged in interstitial lung disease?

A

Alveolar walls and lumen

Causes impaired gas exchange

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

CO2 and O2 exchange is impaired. True/False?

A

False

CO2 exchange is unimpaired as it is very soluble

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

How can consolidation of alveolar spaces arise?

A

Infection (pneumonia)
Infarction (PE)
BOOP (none of above)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What is sarcoidosis?

A

Non-caseating granulomatous disease (Type IV hypersensitivity) of unknown aetiology

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Sarcoidosis is less common in smokers. True/False?

A

True!

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

List some clinical signs of sarcoidosis

A 
Erythema nodosum
Bilateral hilar lymphadenopathy
Arthritis
Fever
Lung infiltrates
Multi-system damage
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Is treatment given for sarcoidosis?

A

Oral steroids and immunosuppressives ONLY IF vital organs are being affected/chronic
If acute, recommend NSAIDs and bed rest

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Symptoms of EAA occur rapidly. True/False?

A

False

Typically several hours after exposure

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

How is EAA treated?

A

Antigen avoidance

Oral steroids if very breathless

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What is the most common ILD?

A

Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What is the proposed aetiology of idiopathic PF?

A

Imbalance in fibrotic repair, resulting in scarring of the lung

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Name some drugs which can cause IPF

A

Amiodarone, bleomycin, methotrexate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

List some clinical signs of IPF (different from those of a typical ILD)

A

Progressive breathlessness
Clubbing
Bilateral fine inspiratory crackles

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What is pneumoconiosis?

A

ILD caused by inhalation of occupational dusts e.g. asbestos

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Describe the early and late stages of ILD

A

Early: alveolitis (inflammatory infiltrates)
Late: scarring

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Lung tissue becomes fibrous in IPF. What is the physiological consequence of this?

A

Reduced compliance (not as elastic)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Define asbestosis

A

Fibrosis due to asbestos exposure

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

IPF is commoner in females. True/False?

A

False

Commoner in males

19
Q

What is heard on auscultation in IPF?

A

Fine bilateral end-inspiratory crackles

20
Q

What is extrinsic allergic alveolitis?

A

Inflammation in airways due inhalation of foreign antigens, usually from animals provokes a type 3 hypersensitivity reaction

21
Q

Smokers have increased risk of EAA. True/False?

A

False

Decreased risk!

22
Q

What is heard on auscultation in EAA?

A

Coarse end-inspiratory crackles

23
Q

List some features of interstitial lung disease…

A 
SOB on exertion
Non-productive cough
NO WHEEZE
Abnormal CXR
Restrictive spirometry
24
Q

How are ILDs investigated? Blood tests for sarcoidosis and EAA?

A 
CXR/CT of lungs
Tissue biopsy
PFTs
Blood tests - 
INCREASED ACE AND CA LEVELS IN SARCOIDOSIS
INCREASED IGG ANTIBODIES IN EAA
25
Q

List some symptoms of EAA (different from those of a typical ILD)

A

Fever
Rigors
Myalgia

26
Q

How is IPF treated?

A

Palliative care (not steroids/immunosuppressants)

27
Q

ILDs typically affect which area of the lung? What is the exception to this rule?

A

Apex of lung

Asbestosis - base of lung

28
Q

What is asbestosis associated with?

A

Increased risk of bronchial adenocarcinoma
Pleural plaques
Malignant mesothelioma

29
Q

Cystic fibrosis is a congenital cause of…

A

Bronchiectasis

30
Q

List some features of CF

A 
Weight loss
Salty sweat
Failure to thrive
Recurrent lung infection
Male infertility (abscence of vas deferens)
Nasal polyps and filled sinuses
31
Q

Describe the pathophysiology of CF

A

AR mutation in CFTR gene that codes for the chlorine channel - leads to increased sodium absorption with water —> dryness, blocked ducts, impaired mucosal defence

32
Q

List some tests used in the diagnosis of CF

A 
Faecal elastase
Salty sweat
Genetic screening
Sputum culture
CXR
Abdo US
Spirometry
33
Q

Which organs are affected by CF?

A

Pancreas - exocrine (digestion) and endocrine (sugars) failure
Colon - constipation
Liver - portal hypertension
Gallbladder

34
Q

Define stridor

A

Inspiratory wheeze due to large airway obstruction

35
Q

List the main causes of stridor

A 
Neoplasms
Anaphylaxis
Goitre/angioneurotic oedema
Trauma
Infection
Foreign body
36
Q

List some investigations used for stridor

A 
Laryngoscopy
Bronchoscopy
CXR
CT
Thyroid scan
37
Q

Define obstructive sleep apnoea

A

Intermittent upper airway pharyngeal collapse causing episodes during sleep

38
Q

List some risk factors for sleep apnoea

A

Enlarged tonsils
Obesity
Acromegaly
Hypothyroidism

39
Q

Give the two main consequences of sleep apnoea

A

Pulmonary hypertension

Type 2 respiratory failure

40
Q

How is sleep apnoea diagnosed?

A

Snoring
Raised Epworth score
Overnight sleep study

41
Q

How is sleep apnoea treated?

A

Remove cause
CPAP (continuous positive airway pressure) via nasal mask
Mandibular advancement device
Surgery to relieve obstruction

42
Q

What are some symptoms of obstructive sleep apnoea?

A

Loud snoring
Daytime sleepiness
Headache

43
Q

What is the criteria for diagnosing OSA?

A

If more than 10-15 apnoeas in any 1hr of sleep

Y1 RESPIRATORY (12 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions