Restrictive Lung Disease Flashcards
What are the 2 main causes of restrictive lung disease pathologies?
intrinsic conditions (like scarring) that prevent lung expansion or conditions that limit the thoracic cavity from expanding.
What are some overall symptoms that can result from RLD?
SOB (followed by tachycardia and syncope)
Dry or non-productive cough
What are some PFT (pulmonary fn test) outcomes we might expect from someone with RLD?
reduced TLC, preserved FEV1/FVC, reduced compliance
What is hypoxemia? Why might it occur? What can we do clinically to stay on top of it?
abnormally low PaO2 in the blood that often develops secondary to inadequate alveolar ventilation. We need to keep checking pulse ox.
What are some external causes of restrictive lung disease?
deformities of the rib cage (kyphoscoliosis)
neuromuscular disorders (phrenic neuropathy, MD, polio)
reduced ability of diaphragm to descend (ascites, obesity)
Describe Pickwickian syndrome
aka Obesity hypoventilation syndrome: Obese pt w/ sleep disordered breathing w/o other pathologic causes of hypoventilation
Can you list and describe potential internal causes of restrictive lung disease? (6)
destruction/scarring of parenchyma
idiopathic fibrotic diseases
connective tissue diseases
drug-induced lung disease
inflammation >sarcoidosis
what is sarcoidosis?
a disease characterized by granulomas in response to chronic inflammation. cause and cure unknown
what are some complications of restrictive lung disease?
hypoxemia
increased RR to compensate for hypoxemia(>increased muscle expenditure)
weight loss and muscle wasting
chronic respiratory failure
pulmonary HTN and Cor pulmonale
what are the categories for RLD?
TLC < 80% of predicted: restrictive disease
70-80%: mild restricted
60-70%: moderately restrictive
50-60%:moderately severe restricted
<50%severe restricted
what might you find during your physical exam of someone with RLD?
abnormal lung sounds, cyanosis, digital clubbing, Cor Pulmonale
what are the options of medical management of RLD?
symptom management, corticosteroids, anti-inflammatories
what are non-pharmaceutical treatment options for RLD?
using cannulas to ensure adequate oxygenation
surgical modification of MSK deformities
heart-lung transplants
what are the main types of chronic interstitial lung disease?
Exposure-related (drug/environmental )
Autoimmune
Idiopathic
what is pneumoconiosis and why does it occur?
an environmental/occupational lung disease characterized by progressive scarring of alveoli/blood vessels as an inflammatory response to certain types of dust particles (symptoms=poor and irreversible prognosis)
