Restrictive Lung Disease Flashcards
Restrictive Lung Disease (RLD) is a difficulty fully ________ one’s lungs with air
expanding
RLD most often results from a condition causing ___________ in the lungs
stiffness (reduced compliance)
Sx of RLD
- SOB
- Dry/non-productive cough
What lung volumes are reduced in RLD?
Tota lung capacity
What occurs secondary to RLD due to inadequate alveolar ventilation?
Hypoxemia
Causes of RLD
- Scarring of distal lung parenchyma due to infiltrates from inflammation, toxins and mechanisms
- Reduced lung compliance
- Idiopathic fibrotic disease
- Chest wall stiffness
- Weak muscles
- Damaged nerves
- CT diseases
- Sarcoidosis
- Drug-induced Lung disease - radiation
- Environmental exposure
- Kyphoscoliosis
- Obesity
- Neuromuscular disorders
- Ascites
Pathophysiology of RLD
inflammation–> recruitment of fibroblasts–> pulmonary fibrosis–> sclerotic injury to alveolar walls–> impacts gas exchange–> decreases DLCO and ability of the alveoli to expand
True or false, RLD is progressive?
true
Physical Examination of RLD
- Abnormal breathing
- Cyanosis
- Digital Clubbing
- Cor Pulmonale
Medical Management of RLD
- symptom management
- Corticosteroids
- Anti-inflammatories
Treatment of RLD
- ensuring adequate oxygenation
- surgical modifications of msk deformities
- heart-lung transplants
- most cases not reversible
Obesity Hypoventilation Syndrome (OHS)
- hypoventilation, daytime hypercapnia & hypoxemia
- accompanied by sleep apnea
Patients with (OHS) have _______ CO2 and ________ O2
increased
decreased
Chronic Interstitial diseases (CID) is a type of ______
Restrictive lung disease
The Pneumoconiosis are a group of _________
CID
Pneumoconiosis is a lung disease caused by breathing in what?
certain kinds of dust particles that damage your lungs
Pneumoconiosis is also known as ______
occupational lung disease
Pneumoconiosis is characterized by what 3 things?
inflammation, coughing, and fibrosis
True or false, Pneumoconiosis develops quickly
False, it usually takes years to develop!
Blood vessels and alveolar surface are ________ and become _________
damaged
thicker
Is Pneumoconiosis reversible?
no
Interstitial fibrosis (inflammation & fibrosis of the pulmonary interstitium) is another subtype of _______
CID
CID describes a large group of disorders, most of which cause ________ of lung tissue
progressive scarring
By the time symptoms appear, ________ lung damage has occurred
irreversible
PT for patients with CID
- getting out of bed/walking
- chest mobilizations
Types of CID
- Exposure related
- Autoimmune related
- Idiopathic
An example of Pneumoconiosis is _______ disease
-Hint* Ben Stiller
black lung
Signs and Symptoms of Pneumoconiosis
- cough
- phlegm
- SOB
- progressive respiratory failure
- lung cancer
- TB
- HF
In CID, static lung volumes are ________ secondary to _______ lung stiffness and ________ # of alveoli
decreased
increased
decreased
CID causes the lung to look like a ________ due to fibrous & thick terminal and respiratory bronchioles
honeycomb
The following chest wall disorders result in restricted lung disease
- Neuromuscular (SCI)
- Skeletal deformities (Scoliosis)
- Postsurgical status (shallow breaths)
- Obesity
- Collagen vascular disease (Pickwinian)
Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis (IPD) is a _________ interstitial pulmonary fibrosis and respiratory failure
progressive
What are the environmental factors, genetic factors, and age factor that predisposes someone to IPD
- cigarette smoking
- smoking + gene variants
- rarely appears under the age of 50
Physical Exam of IPD
- hypoxemia
- cyanosis
- clubbing
IPD causes decreased _______ capacity of the alveolocapillary
diffusing
What is the only definitive therapy for IPD?
Lung transplant
Pulmonary involvement in Autoimmune diseases
- RA
- Systemic sclerosis
- Systemic Lupis
