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Pathophysiology > Restrictive Lung Disease > Flashcards

Restrictive Lung Disease Flashcards

1
Q

Restrictive Lung Disease (RLD) is a difficulty fully ________ one’s lungs with air

A

expanding

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2
Q

RLD most often results from a condition causing ___________ in the lungs

A

stiffness (reduced compliance)

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3
Q

Sx of RLD

A
  • SOB

- Dry/non-productive cough

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4
Q

What lung volumes are reduced in RLD?

A

Tota lung capacity

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5
Q

What occurs secondary to RLD due to inadequate alveolar ventilation?

A

Hypoxemia

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6
Q

Causes of RLD

A
  • Scarring of distal lung parenchyma due to infiltrates from inflammation, toxins and mechanisms
  • Reduced lung compliance
  • Idiopathic fibrotic disease
  • Chest wall stiffness
  • Weak muscles
  • Damaged nerves
  • CT diseases
  • Sarcoidosis
  • Drug-induced Lung disease - radiation
  • Environmental exposure
  • Kyphoscoliosis
  • Obesity
  • Neuromuscular disorders
  • Ascites
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7
Q

Pathophysiology of RLD

A

inflammation–> recruitment of fibroblasts–> pulmonary fibrosis–> sclerotic injury to alveolar walls–> impacts gas exchange–> decreases DLCO and ability of the alveoli to expand

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8
Q

True or false, RLD is progressive?

A

true

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9
Q

Physical Examination of RLD

A
  • Abnormal breathing
  • Cyanosis
  • Digital Clubbing
  • Cor Pulmonale
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10
Q

Medical Management of RLD

A
  • symptom management
  • Corticosteroids
  • Anti-inflammatories
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11
Q

Treatment of RLD

A
  • ensuring adequate oxygenation
  • surgical modifications of msk deformities
  • heart-lung transplants
  • most cases not reversible
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12
Q

Obesity Hypoventilation Syndrome (OHS)

A
  • hypoventilation, daytime hypercapnia & hypoxemia

- accompanied by sleep apnea

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13
Q

Patients with (OHS) have _______ CO2 and ________ O2

A

increased

decreased

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14
Q

Chronic Interstitial diseases (CID) is a type of ______

A

Restrictive lung disease

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15
Q

The Pneumoconiosis are a group of _________

A

CID

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16
Q

Pneumoconiosis is a lung disease caused by breathing in what?

A

certain kinds of dust particles that damage your lungs

17
Q

Pneumoconiosis is also known as ______

A

occupational lung disease

18
Q

Pneumoconiosis is characterized by what 3 things?

A

inflammation, coughing, and fibrosis

19
Q

True or false, Pneumoconiosis develops quickly

A

False, it usually takes years to develop!

20
Q

Blood vessels and alveolar surface are ________ and become _________

A

damaged

thicker

21
Q

Is Pneumoconiosis reversible?

A

no

22
Q

Interstitial fibrosis (inflammation & fibrosis of the pulmonary interstitium) is another subtype of _______

A

CID

23
Q

CID describes a large group of disorders, most of which cause ________ of lung tissue

A

progressive scarring

24
Q

By the time symptoms appear, ________ lung damage has occurred

A

irreversible

25
Q

PT for patients with CID

A
  • getting out of bed/walking

- chest mobilizations

26
Q

Types of CID

A
  • Exposure related
  • Autoimmune related
  • Idiopathic
27
Q

An example of Pneumoconiosis is _______ disease

-Hint* Ben Stiller

A

black lung

28
Q

Signs and Symptoms of Pneumoconiosis

A
  • cough
  • phlegm
  • SOB
  • progressive respiratory failure
  • lung cancer
  • TB
  • HF
29
Q

In CID, static lung volumes are ________ secondary to _______ lung stiffness and ________ # of alveoli

A

decreased
increased
decreased

30
Q

CID causes the lung to look like a ________ due to fibrous & thick terminal and respiratory bronchioles

A

honeycomb

31
Q

The following chest wall disorders result in restricted lung disease

A
  • Neuromuscular (SCI)
  • Skeletal deformities (Scoliosis)
  • Postsurgical status (shallow breaths)
  • Obesity
  • Collagen vascular disease (Pickwinian)
32
Q

Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis (IPD) is a _________ interstitial pulmonary fibrosis and respiratory failure

A

progressive

33
Q

What are the environmental factors, genetic factors, and age factor that predisposes someone to IPD

A
  • cigarette smoking
  • smoking + gene variants
  • rarely appears under the age of 50
34
Q

Physical Exam of IPD

A
  • hypoxemia
  • cyanosis
  • clubbing
35
Q

IPD causes decreased _______ capacity of the alveolocapillary

A

diffusing

36
Q

What is the only definitive therapy for IPD?

A

Lung transplant

37
Q

Pulmonary involvement in Autoimmune diseases

A
  • RA
  • Systemic sclerosis
  • Systemic Lupis

Pathophysiology (4 decks)

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