Restored Monarchs (knowledge questions) Flashcards
What happened in 1815 to Napoleon
He was defeated at the battle of Waterloo and sent to exile
What happened at the congress of Vienna
Decided what happened to Italy
Who was Piedmont ruled by in 1815
Victor Emmanuel I
What happened to Lombardy and Venetia in 1815
Became 1 controlled under Austria
Who controlled the Central Duchies (Tuscany, Modena, Parma) in 1815
Austria
Who was leader of Tuscany in 1815 and what was their title
Ferdinand III = Grand Duke of Tuscany
Who was leader of Modena in 1815 and what was their title
Francis IV = Duke Francis IV (a Hasburg)
Who was leader of Parma in 1815 and what was their title
Marie-Louise = Duchess Marie-Louise
Who controlled the Papal States in 1815
The Pope (with Austrian forces)
In 1815 what happened and who controlled the South
Naples and Sicily united under Ferdinand I
In 1815 who was the Austrian Chancellor
Metternich
Did the wealthy welcome or dislike the restored monarchs, why
Upper class liked them returning as they benefited
Did the middle class welcome or dislike the restored monarchs, why
Middle class annoyed as they benefited under Napoleon
Did the peasants welcome or dislike the restored monarchs, why
Peasants do not know/care
Explain how Tuscany was progressive (forward looking) after the restored monarchs
Education improved, expansion of healthcare facilities, freedom of expression
Explain how Parma was progressive (forward looking) after the restored monarchs
Duchess Marie-Louise replaced Code Napoleon with something similar
Explain how Piedmont was backward looking after the restored monarchs
Rid of Code Napoleon, middle class officials dismissed, special privileges for nobility restored, education given back to church, old custom barriers
Explain how Modena was backward looking after the restored monarchs
Nobility back in government, ruler hated liberals (believed in equality, people had right to some say in government, freedom of speech, against absolute monarchy)
Explain how the Papal States were backward looking after the restored monarchs
Code Napoleon abolished, strict censorship, Jews in ghettos, slow economic growth, torture used against those with too modern ideas
Explain how Naples was backward looking after the restored monarchs
Sicily governed by Naples, oppressive rule, very few economic successes, took away the 1812 Sicilian constitution which had allowed people a say in the government
What does a nationalist believe
- People of the same race, language, culture and tradition should be united in an independent nation of their own (not controlled by another nation)
- Many wanted a republic instead of a monarchy
- Widespread disagreement if whole or part of Italian Peninsula should be united
What does a liberal believe
- Believed people had right to some say in government
- Believed in equality
- Establishing rule of law enabling fair trial and freedom of speech
- Non violent mainly middle class
- Against absolute monarchy but favored constitutional monarchy (King bound by restrictions on power)
What does a radical believe
- Extreme views = want social reforms, fairer distribution of wealth
- Prepared to use violence
- Many were members of revolutionary secret society’s
- Believe political power should lie with people not parliament
- Had disagreements with liberals but both apposed to an absolute monarchy
