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Dental Materials korn > Restorative Cements > Flashcards

Restorative Cements Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 4 basic classes of cements?

A
  1. Phosphate
  2. Phenolate
  3. Polycarboxylate (zinc Polycarboxylate, Glass Ionomer)
  4. Resin
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2
Q

Setting time is

A

Time from beginning of mixing of cement, to hard and ridgid state in mouth.

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3
Q

Working Time is

A

Time available for clinical manipulation

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4
Q

Phenolate cement types (primary types)

A
  1. Calcium hydroxide

2. Zinc Oxide Eugenol (ZOE)

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5
Q

Organic compound in ZOE

A

Eugenol

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6
Q

Water and elevated heat ______ZOE reaction

A

Accelerate

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7
Q

Zinc Eugenolate is ______________ by moisture

A

Easily hydrolyzed

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8
Q

Free Eugenol

A
  1. Remains within and diffused out of set material.

2. Acts as potential anti-inflammatory

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9
Q

Obtundent means

A

Reduces irritation or has a soothing effect on a tissue.

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10
Q

Eugenol is derived from

A

Clove oil

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11
Q

What agents accelerate the setting of ZOE cements?

A
  1. Water
  2. Zinc
  3. Salts (acetate & sulfate)
  4. Acidic materials
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12
Q

Why do ZOE cements have high solubility?

A
  1. Hydrolytic breakdown of zinc eugenolate

2. Extraction of eugenol from set cement

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13
Q

What materials can be added to ZOE cements to improve their strengths?

A
  1. Mineral Fillers
  2. Silica or alumina
  3. Natural resins (ex. pine rosin)
  4. Synthetic polymers (ex. Polymethyl methacrylate)
  5. Polystyrene
  6. Polycarbonate
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14
Q

What effect does ZOE have on resin restorations?

A

Inhibits polymerization of resin (results in softening and discoloration)

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15
Q

IRM is a type of ZOE cement that

A
  1. Used as temp. Restorative material
  2. Contains 10-40% resin polymer in powder to strengthen cement
  3. Compressive strengths of 35-55 mPa
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16
Q

Calcium hydroxide 2 paste system is

A
  1. Base paste (Salicylate)

2. Catalyst paste (calcium hydroxide, barium sulfate, acryl toulene sulfonamide)

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17
Q

Organic component of Calcium hydroxide is

A

Acryl toulene sulfonamide

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18
Q

Calcium hydroxide cement achieve radiopacity b/c of which component

A

Barium Sulfate

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19
Q

Calcium hydroxide cross-linking occurs in the presence of ______

A

Water

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20
Q

Calcium hydroxide liner’s primary intended use

A

Vital pulp therapy

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21
Q

Application of calcium hydroxide on direct opening (exposure)

A

Direct Pulp capping (DPC)

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22
Q

Application of calcium hydroxide on a very thin area of remaining dentin is called

A

Indirect pulp capping

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23
Q

Why is calcium hydroxide a good pulpal floor liner

A
  1. Kills remaining bacteria
  2. Stimulates formation of reparative dentin
  3. Pulp tissue healing
24
Q

Calcium hydroxide cement (not liner) is also called

A

DYCAL

25
Q

Why should Calcium hydroxide cement be covered by a layer of resin modified glass ionomer

A

DYCAL (calcium hydroxide cement) has low compressive strength (12mPa) so RMGI will increase compressive strength.

26
Q

Calcium hydroxide chelate cements are based on what specific setting reaction?

A

Salicylate esters

Calcium hydroxide and zinc oxide (small constituent) form chelate with salicylate esters

27
Q

What new calcium hydroxide formulas are intended to overcome low physical properties and potential solubility issues (original CaO chelate cement issues)

A

Polymerizable resin compositions containing calcium hydroxide (alternative to replace use of CaO)

CaO chelate STILL MOST COMMON FORM SOLD (original formula)

28
Q

What factors affect setting rxn of Polycarboxylate cements?

A
  1. Powder/liquid ratio
  2. Reactivity
  3. Particle size (of Zinc-oxide)
  4. Presence of additives
  5. Molecular weight and conc. Of poly acrylic acid
29
Q

Give possible reasons for the minimal effect of Polycarboxylate cements on pulp?

A
  1. Relatively high pH of setting cement
  2. Localization of polyacrylic acid molecules.
  3. Minimal osmotic effect in dentin tubules
30
Q

Describe powder composition of a conventional glass ionomer cement

A

Ground and milled alumino-silicate glass

Two forms:

  1. Calcium aluminum fluorosilicate glass
  2. Strontium aluminum fluorosilicate glass
31
Q

Describe liquid component of conventional glass ionomer cement

A

50% polyacrylic-isotonic acid and tartaric acid (5%)

Mix w/ powder. Leach calcium and aluminum ions to surface. Cross link to form gel which then hardens.

Tartaric acid: Increase handling, increase working time, increase strength

32
Q

Glass Ionomer are what type of composites

A

Tru “molecular” composite

Aluminum-silicate glass become chemically bound to poly salt matrix via ionic bonds

33
Q

Major advantages of Glass Ionomer

A
  1. High strength and stiffness
  2. Adhesion to tooth structure
  3. Translucency
  4. Leachable fluoride (cariostatic effect)
  5. Resistant to dissolution in mouth
34
Q

What component in glass ionomer is responsible for tooth adhesion?

A

Carboxylic acid (on polyacrylic acid)

35
Q

Major disadvantages of Glass Ionomer

A
  1. Initial slow setting
  2. Initial moisture sensitivity
  3. Variable adhesive characteristics
  4. Limited translucency
36
Q

What material and technique improve resistance to dissolve in conventional glass ionomer cements?

A

Application of convention varnishes or polymerizable “surface sealers” (protect against premature moisture)

37
Q

RMGI (resin-modified glass ionomer)

A

Hybrid ionomer : needs water in the matrix

38
Q

Composition and setting reaction of RMGI cements (hybrid ionomer)

A

Acid-base rxn (normal) +free-radical, addition polymerization (water soluble polymer and polymerizable monomers)

Use of co-polymers of acrylic acid and methacrylate monomers (dual-cure)

39
Q

Advantages of light curing glass ionomer cements (RMGI)

A
  1. Dual-cure (acid-base & addition polymerization)
  2. High early strength
  3. Improved physical properties
  4. Water resistance
40
Q

Primary curing mechanism for resin cements

A

Free-radical polymerization

41
Q

Compomers differ from RMGI in the absence of which component

A

Water

Compomers have methacrylate-polyacid and glass, but not water

42
Q

Formal name of compomer

A

Polyacid modified composite resin

43
Q

Properties differences of RMGI and regular GI

A
  1. RGMI has early water resistance

2. Do not require varnish to protect against dissolution

44
Q

What types of reactions that occur in setting of RMGI?

A
  1. Traditional glass-ionomer acid-base rxn

2. Free radical addition polymerization

45
Q

How does temperature and humidity affect setting of ZOE and calcium hydroxide cements

A

Increased temp and humidity: DECREASE setting time

46
Q

IRM has higher compressive strength than ZOE because of

A

Incorporation of polymethyl methacrylate (PMM) to powder

47
Q

Foremost advantage of Polycarboxylate cements

A
  1. High biocompatibility

2. Low pulp irritation

48
Q

Describe three possible curing modes for RMGI

A
  1. Light cure (free radical polymerization)
  2. Chemical cure (free radical polymerization)
  3. Acid- base rxn (poly acid liquid & silicate glass)

Luting cements ( 1 & 3 )

Liner-base (2 & 3 )

49
Q

Conventional GI and Polycarboxylate cements share what composition components?

A

Liquid containing polyacrylic acid & water

50
Q

Two materials produce high percentage of successful dentinal bridges with vital pulps

A
  1. Calcium hydroxide

2. Mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA)

51
Q

Compomer composition

A

Polyacid-modified composite resin matrix consisting of

  1. Dimethylacrylate monomer (carboxyl groups)
  2. A filler of ion leachable glass (similar to GI filler)

NO WATER

52
Q

Characteristics of Compomers

A
  1. Free radical polymerization
  2. Limited to no chemical bond to tooth structure
  3. Low fluoride release
  4. Delayed acid-base rxn (from water of tubules)
  5. Absorption
53
Q

Advantages of Compomers

A
  1. Easy to place and polish
  2. Some fluoride release ( more than composite resins)
  3. More aesthetic than glass ionomer
  4. Better mechanical properties than GI
54
Q

Disadvantages of Compomers

A
  1. Inferior mechanical properties than composite resin
  2. Less fluoride than GI
  3. Minimal fluoride discharge
  4. Little to no chemical bond with tooth
55
Q

Giomer composition

A

Glass ionomer partial that is pre-reacted.

Free radical polymerization similar to light-activated resin composites

No chemical bond to tooth (needs bonding agent)

Outer shell releases fluoride

Dental Materials korn (5 decks)

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