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Fundamentals of Nursing > Rest and Sleep > Flashcards

Rest and Sleep Flashcards

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1
Q

Diminished state of activity, calmness, relaxation without emotional stress; freedom from anxiety

A

Rest

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2
Q

Is a cyclical physiological process that alternates with longer periods of wakefulness.

A

Sleep

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3
Q

it influences and regulate physiological function and behavioral responses

A

sleep-wake cycle

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4
Q

(also known as diurnal) a 24-hour, day-night cycle. It influences the pattern of major biological and behavioral functions

Affecting factors:
Light
Temperature
Social activities
Work routines
Others

A

Circadian rhythm

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5
Q

Sleep involves a sequence of physiological states maintained by highly integrated CNS activity. It is associated with changes in the peripheral nervous, endocrine, cardiovascular, respiratory and muscular systems.

A

Sleep regulation

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6
Q

major sleep center in the body

It secretes hypocretins (orexins) that promote wakefulness and rapid eye movement (REM)

Prostaglandin D2 L-tryptophan, and growth factors control sleep

A

Hypothalamus

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7
Q

maintains a state of wakefulness and mediates some stages of sleep. Sleep is an active process involving the RAS
- And a dynamic interaction of neurotransmitters.

A

Reticular Activating System (RAS)

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8
Q

is a major neurotransmitter associated with sleep. It is derived from its precursor tryptophan. Other neurotransmitters- acetylcholine and norepinephrine appear to be required for the REM sleep cycle.

A

serotonin

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9
Q

a naturally occurring amino acid. It decreases activity of RAS, thereby inducing and sustaining sleep.

A

tryptophan

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10
Q

proposes that there are centers that cause sleep by inhibiting other brain centers.

A

Active theory of sleep

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11
Q

states that the RAS of the brain simply fatigues and therefore becomes inactive thus sleep occurs.

A

Passive theory of sleep-

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12
Q

A phase of normal sleep

A sleeper progresses through four stages during a typical 90-minute sleep cycle

The quality of sleep from stage 1 through stage 4 becomes increasingly deep

Stages 1 and 2 is characterized by lighter sleep, person is more easily aroused

Stage 3 and 4 involve a deeper sleep (slow-wave sleep)

A

Nonrapid eye movement (NREM) sleep

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13
Q

Stage lasts a few minutes
Lightest level of sleep
Decreased physiological activity begins with gradual fall in vital signs and metabolism
Sensory stimuli such as noise easily arouse a person
When awakened, person feels as though daydreaming has occurred

A

Stage 1

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14
Q

Stage lasts 10 – 20 minutes
It is a period of sound sleep
Relaxation progresses
Body functions continue to slow
Arousal remains relatively easy

A

Stage 2

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15
Q

Stage lasts 15 to 30 minutes
It involves initial stages of deep sleep
Muscles are completely relaxed
Vital signs decline but remain regular
Sleeper is difficult to arouse and rarely moves

A

Stage 3

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16
Q

Stage lasts approximately 15 to 30 minutes
It is the deepest stage of sleep
If sleep has occurred, sleeper spends considerable part of night in this stage
Vital signs are significantly lower than during waking hours
It is very difficult to arouse sleeper

A

Stage 4

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17
Q

Stage usually begins about 90 minutes after sleep has begun
Duration increases with each sleep cycle and averages 20 minutes
Vivid, full color dreaming occurs in other stages
Stage is typified or fluctuating BP, loss of skeletal muscle tone and increase in gastric secretion
It is very difficult to arouse a sleeper

A

Rapid Eye Movement (REM) sleep

18
Q

contributes to body tissue restoration

A

NREM Sleep

19
Q

increases in synthetic processes in the brain

A

REM

20
Q

A symptom that patients experience when they have chronic difficult falling asleep, frequent awakenings from sleep and/or short sleep or nonrestorative sleep

Associated with poor hygiene or practices that a patient associates with sleep

Tx: sleep-hygiene measures, biofeedback, cognitive techniques, relaxation techniques

A

Insomnia

21
Q

Dysfunction of mechanisms that regulate sleep and wake states
Overwhelming sleepiness
Uncontrolled REM

A

Narcolepsy “Sleep Attack”

22
Q

Is a disorder characterized by the lack of airflow through the nose and mouth for periods of 10 seconds or longer during sleep
Periodic cessation of breathing during asleep. It characterized by snoring

A

Sleep apnea

23
Q

Excessive sleep (daytime or nighttime)
Related to psychologic problem, CNS damage, metabolic disorders

A

Hypersomnia

24
Q

Problem many patients experience as a result of dysomnia. Causes includes symptoms caused by illnesses, emotional stress, medications, environmental disturbances and variability in the timing of sleep because of shift work

A

Sleep deprivation

25
Q

Disorders of Arousal
Somnambulism: sleep walking

A

Parasomnias

26
Q

After having slept for few hours, the child bolts upright in bed, shakes and screams, appears pale and terrified

A

Night terrors

27
Q

Bedwetting

A

Nocturnal enuresis

28
Q

Sleep talking

A

Soliloquy

29
Q

“Wet dreams” usually experienced by adolescents males

A

Nocturnal erections

30
Q

Clenching and grinding of teeth during sleep. May erode or diminish the height of dental crowns and may cause the teeth to become loose

A

Bruxisms

31
Q

up to the age of 3 months averages about 16 hours of sleep a day, sleeping almost constantly during the first week

A

Neonates

32
Q

usually develop a nighttime pattern of sleep by 3 months of age; several naps daytime, sleeps average of 8-10 hours during the night; total daily sleep 15 hours

A

Infants

33
Q

by the age of 2, usually sleep through the night and take daily naps. Total sleep averages 12 hours a day

A

Toddler

34
Q

average sleep 12 hours at night

A

preschoolers

35
Q

6 years old – 11- 12 hours nightly; 11 years old sleeps 9-10 hours

A

Schoolage

36
Q

majority takes 7 hours of sleep or less per night

A

Adolescents

37
Q

average 6-8 ½ hours;

A

Young adults

38
Q

total amount of sleeping time decreases

A

Middle adults

39
Q

awakens more often during the night and it takes more time to fall asleep

A

Older adults

40
Q

Factors influencing sleep

A

Drugs and substances
Lifestyle
Usual sleep patterns
Emotional stress
Environment
Exercise and fatigue
Food and caloric intake

41
Q

Nursing interventions to promote sleep

A

Helping nurse-patient relationship
Promote comfort and relaxation
Create restful environment
Attend to bedtime rituals
Adequate exercise (at least 2 hours before sleep to enhance NREM; not immediately before sleep)
High protein food
Observe habits of sleep periodicity and wake-up time
Avoid caffeine and alcohol in the evening
If sleepy, go to bed
Bed is used mainly for sleep

Fundamentals of Nursing (4 decks)

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