Pain

Question 1

is a sensation of physical or mental hurt or suffering that causes distress or agony to the one experiencing it.

Answer 1

pain

Question 2

Theories of Pain

Answer 2

Pattern Theory, Specificity Theory, Gate control theory, affect theory, parallel processing model

Question 3

A theory of pain which states that pain is perceived whenever the stimulus is intense enough.

Answer 3

Pattern theory

Question 4

A theory of pain which states that there are specific nerve receptors for particular stimuli.

 Ex. Nocireceptor for noxious stimuli, thermoreceptors for heat and cold, mechanoreceptors for pressure,pulling or tearing sensation, chemoreceptors for chemicals.

Answer 4

Specificity theory

Question 5

A theory of pain which conceptualizes that there is a gate in the spinal cord called substantia gelatinosa.

Answer 5

gate control theory

Question 6

A theory of pain which avers that the pain is emotional. The intensity of pain perceived depends on the value of the organ affected to the individual.

Answer 6

Affect theory

Question 7

A theory of pain which believes that the physiologic or neurologic deciphering of the pain sensation and cognitive emotional properties occur along different nerve fibers.

Answer 7

Parallel processing model

Question 8

Factors influencing the pain experience

Answer 8

age
Sex
Childhood
Cultural background
Physiologic factors
Previous experience
Religious beliefs
Expected response
Setting
Diagnosis
Physical/mental health
Knowledge/understanding

Question 9

the amount of pain stimulation a person requires before feeling pain ( pain sensation)

Answer 9

pain threshold

Question 10

the maximum amount and duration of pain that an individual is willing to endure.

Answer 10

pain tolerance

Question 11

the actual feeling of pain

Answer 11

pain perception

Question 12

universal stimulus of pain

Answer 12

bradykinin

Question 13

excessive sensitivity to pain

Answer 13

Hyperalgesia

Question 14

Types of responses to pain

Answer 14

Involuntary responses ( physiologic responses), Voluntary responses

Question 14

Types of responses to pain

Answer 14

Involuntary responses ( physiologic responses), Voluntary responses

Question 15

a response to pain mediated by autonomic nervous system (ANS)

a. sympathetic nervous system- mild to moderate 
b. parasympathetic nervous system- severe pain

Answer 15

Involuntary responses ( physiologic responses)

Question 16

a. Behavioral responses ex. crying, moaning, grimacing, tossing in bed, splinting the painful area.

b. emotional responses- ex. Depression, withdrawal, social isolation.

Answer 16

Voluntary responses

Question 17

Three stages of pain response:

Answer 17

activation
rebound
adaptation

Question 18

begins with the perception of pain. The body assumes fight or flight reaction.

Answer 18

activation

Question 19

the pain experienced is intense but brief.

Answer 19

rebound

Question 20

this may be due to endorphins counteracting the pain, this occurs when the pain lasts for many hours or days.

Answer 20

adaptation

Question 21

Types of Pain

Answer 21

CUTANEOUS OR SUPERFICIAL PAIN
SOMATIC PAIN
VISCERAL PAIN
REFERRED PAIN
INTRACTABLE PAIN
PHANTOM PAIN
RADIATING PAIN
PSYCHOGENIC PAIN
INTERMITTENT PAIN

Question 22

it occurs over the body surface or skin segment

Answer 22

CUTANEOUS OR SUPERFICIAL PAIN

Question 23

may be deep or superficial. It occurs in the skin, muscles or joints.

Answer 23

SOMATIC PAIN

Question 24

it arises from stimulation of pain receptors in the abdominal cavity and thorax

Answer 24

VISCERAL PAIN

Question 25

the pain is perceived at an area other than the site of injury

Answer 25

REFERRED PAIN

Question 26

it is resistant to cure or relief

Answer 26

INTRACTABLE PAIN

Question 27

it actual pain felt in a body part that is no longer present.

Ex. Pain experienced after amputation of a limb.

Answer 27

PHANTOM PAIN

Question 28

it is felt at the source and extends to surrounding tissues.

Answer 28

RADIATING PAIN

Question 29

it is primarily due to emotional factors, with no physiologic basis.

Answer 29

PSYCHOGENIC PAIN

Question 30

pain that stops and starts again.

Answer 30

INTERMITTENT PAIN

Question 31

This provides the information on the organ affected. Ex. RUQ, epigastric area

Answer 31

LOCATION

Question 32

Whatever description the client gives, accept it as is, ex. Pricking, stabbing, dull, throbbing

Answer 32

CHARACTER/QUALITY

Question 33

Use Scale of 0 to 10. 0=no pain, 1-3=mild pain, 4-6=moderate pain, 7-10= severe pain

Answer 33

INTENSITY/SEVERITY

Question 34

EX. Chest pain in Angina pectoris can be relieved by rest or NTG.

Answer 34

FACTORS RELIEVE/AGGRAVATE PAIN

Question 35

Ex. Back pain in a client with herniated nucleus pulposus which can no longer relieved bny medications may require surgery

Answer 35

EFFECTS OF ADL

Question 36

What brings it on?
What were you doing when you first noticed it?
What makes it better? Worst?

Answer 36

Provoking/precipitating

Question 37

How does it feel?
How intense/severe is it?

Answer 37

Quality

Question 38

Where is it? Does it spread anywhere?

Answer 38

Radiation

Question 39

How bad is it? Scale 0-10

Answer 39

Severity

Question 40

Onset- when did it first occur?
Duration- How long did it last?
Frequency- How often does it occur?

Answer 40

Timing