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Fundamentals of Nursing > Pain > Flashcards

Pain Flashcards

1
Q

is a sensation of physical or mental hurt or suffering that causes distress or agony to the one experiencing it.

A

pain

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2
Q

Theories of Pain

A

Pattern Theory, Specificity Theory, Gate control theory, affect theory, parallel processing model

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3
Q

A theory of pain which states that pain is perceived whenever the stimulus is intense enough.

A

Pattern theory

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4
Q

A theory of pain which states that there are specific nerve receptors for particular stimuli.

 Ex. Nocireceptor for noxious stimuli, thermoreceptors for heat and cold, mechanoreceptors for pressure,pulling or tearing sensation, chemoreceptors for chemicals.
A

Specificity theory

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5
Q

A theory of pain which conceptualizes that there is a gate in the spinal cord called substantia gelatinosa.

A

gate control theory

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6
Q

A theory of pain which avers that the pain is emotional. The intensity of pain perceived depends on the value of the organ affected to the individual.

A

Affect theory

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7
Q

A theory of pain which believes that the physiologic or neurologic deciphering of the pain sensation and cognitive emotional properties occur along different nerve fibers.

A

Parallel processing model

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8
Q

Factors influencing the pain experience

A

age
Sex
Childhood
Cultural background
Physiologic factors
Previous experience
Religious beliefs
Expected response
Setting
Diagnosis
Physical/mental health
Knowledge/understanding

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9
Q

the amount of pain stimulation a person requires before feeling pain ( pain sensation)

A

pain threshold

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10
Q

the maximum amount and duration of pain that an individual is willing to endure.

A

pain tolerance

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11
Q

the actual feeling of pain

A

pain perception

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12
Q

universal stimulus of pain

A

bradykinin

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13
Q

excessive sensitivity to pain

A

Hyperalgesia

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14
Q

Types of responses to pain

A

Involuntary responses ( physiologic responses), Voluntary responses

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14
Q

Types of responses to pain

A

Involuntary responses ( physiologic responses), Voluntary responses

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15
Q

a response to pain mediated by autonomic nervous system (ANS)

a. sympathetic nervous system- mild to moderate 
b. parasympathetic nervous system- severe pain
A

Involuntary responses ( physiologic responses)

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16
Q

a. Behavioral responses ex. crying, moaning, grimacing, tossing in bed, splinting the painful area.

b. emotional responses- ex. Depression, withdrawal, social isolation.

A

Voluntary responses

17
Q

Three stages of pain response:

A

activation
rebound
adaptation

18
Q

begins with the perception of pain. The body assumes fight or flight reaction.

A

activation

19
Q

the pain experienced is intense but brief.

A

rebound

20
Q

this may be due to endorphins counteracting the pain, this occurs when the pain lasts for many hours or days.

A

adaptation

21
Q

Types of Pain

A

CUTANEOUS OR SUPERFICIAL PAIN
SOMATIC PAIN
VISCERAL PAIN
REFERRED PAIN
INTRACTABLE PAIN
PHANTOM PAIN
RADIATING PAIN
PSYCHOGENIC PAIN
INTERMITTENT PAIN

22
Q

it occurs over the body surface or skin segment

A

CUTANEOUS OR SUPERFICIAL PAIN

23
Q

may be deep or superficial. It occurs in the skin, muscles or joints.

A

SOMATIC PAIN

24
Q

it arises from stimulation of pain receptors in the abdominal cavity and thorax

A

VISCERAL PAIN

25
Q

the pain is perceived at an area other than the site of injury

A

REFERRED PAIN

26
Q

it is resistant to cure or relief

A

INTRACTABLE PAIN

27
Q

it actual pain felt in a body part that is no longer present.

Ex. Pain experienced after amputation of a limb.

A

PHANTOM PAIN

28
Q

it is felt at the source and extends to surrounding tissues.

A

RADIATING PAIN

29
Q

it is primarily due to emotional factors, with no physiologic basis.

A

PSYCHOGENIC PAIN

30
Q

pain that stops and starts again.

A

INTERMITTENT PAIN

31
Q

This provides the information on the organ affected. Ex. RUQ, epigastric area

A

LOCATION

32
Q

Whatever description the client gives, accept it as is, ex. Pricking, stabbing, dull, throbbing

A

CHARACTER/QUALITY

33
Q

Use Scale of 0 to 10. 0=no pain, 1-3=mild pain, 4-6=moderate pain, 7-10= severe pain

A

INTENSITY/SEVERITY

34
Q

EX. Chest pain in Angina pectoris can be relieved by rest or NTG.

A

FACTORS RELIEVE/AGGRAVATE PAIN

35
Q

Ex. Back pain in a client with herniated nucleus pulposus which can no longer relieved bny medications may require surgery

A

EFFECTS OF ADL

36
Q

What brings it on?
What were you doing when you first noticed it?
What makes it better? Worst?

A

Provoking/precipitating

37
Q

How does it feel?
How intense/severe is it?

A

Quality

38
Q

Where is it? Does it spread anywhere?

A

Radiation

39
Q

How bad is it? Scale 0-10

A

Severity

40
Q

Onset- when did it first occur?
Duration- How long did it last?
Frequency- How often does it occur?

A

Timing

Fundamentals of Nursing (4 decks)

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